分子半导体改性聚合物复合电介质研究进展  

Progress on Polymer-matrix Molecular Semiconductor Dielectric Composites

作　　者：刘芾源 佟辉 曹诗沫 臧丽坤[1] LIU Fu-yuan;TONG Hui;CAO Shi-mo;ZANG Li-kun(School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Department of Micro-nano Processing and Intelligent Electrical Equipment,Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;College of Engineering Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学化学与生物工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院电工研究所微纳加工技术与智能电气设备研究部,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学工程科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《高分子通报》2024年第7期868-877,共10页Polymer Bulletin

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(基金号3242026);中国科学院电工研究所科研基金(基金号E155440301)。

摘　　要：薄膜电容器因具有功率密度高、损耗低、循环寿命长、安全环保等特点而被广泛应用于智能电网、风力发电、电动汽车、脉冲功率系统等领域。电介质是决定薄膜电容器性能的关键,但材料中的缺陷、杂质等在高温、高电场下产生泄漏电流,使薄膜电容器的储能性质急剧降低,难以在热、电耦合场下获得高能量密度。向聚合物电介质中引入微量有机分子半导体的改性方式可使电介质中产生能量陷阱捕获载流子、抑制泄漏电流,从而降低电导损耗,提高充放电效率。本文综述了通过向聚合物基体中引入有机分子半导体提升电介质高温储能性质的方法,讨论了有机小分子半导体、聚合物分子半导体改性对储能性质的影响机制,并展望了相关领域未来的发展方向。Thin film capacitors are widely used in smart grid,wind power generation,electric vehicle,pulse power system and other fields because of their high power density,low loss,long cycle life,safety and environmental protection.The dielectric is the key to the performance of film capacitors,but the energy storage property of film capacitors is greatly reduced by the leakage current caused by the defects and impurities in the materials at high temperature and high electric field,which make it difficult to obtain high energy density in thermally and electrically coupled fields.The introduction of trace organic molecule semiconductor into polymer dielectric can produce energy traps to trap carriers and suppress leakage current,thus reducing conductivity loss and improving charge-discharge efficiency.In this review,the methods for improving the high temperature energy storage properties of dielectrics by introducing organic molecular semiconductors into polymer matrix are summarized,the influence mechanism of organic small molecule semiconductor and polymer molecular semiconductor modification on energy storage properties is discussed,and the future development of related fields is prospected.

关 键 词：有机小分子半导体 聚合物分子半导体 复合电介质 泄漏电流 高温储能 

分 类 号：TQ317[化学工程—高聚物工业] TM53[电气工程—电器]