Electrodynamics with violations of Lorentz and U(1)gauge symmetries and their Hamiltonian structures  

作　　者：杨秀鹏 李瀑飞 朱涛 Xiu-Peng Yang;Bao-Fei Li;Tao Zhu(Institute for Theoretical Physics and Cosmology,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310032,China;United Center for Gravitational Wave Physics(UCGWP),Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310032,China)

机构地区：[1]Institute for Theoretical Physics and Cosmology,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310032,China [2]United Center for Gravitational Wave Physics(UCGWP),Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310032,China

出　　处：《Chinese Physics C》2024年第6期45-57,共13页中国物理C（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC2201503);the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR21A050001,LY20A050002);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12275238,11675143);B.-F.Li is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)(12005186)。

摘　　要：This study aims to investigate Lorentz/U(1)gauge symmetry-breaking electrodynamics in the framework of the standard-model extension and analyze the Hamiltonian structure for the theory with a specific dimension of Lorentz breaking operators.For this purpose,we consider a general quadratic action of the modified electrodynamics with Lorentz/gauge-breaking operators and calculate the number of independent components of the operators at different dimensions in gauge invariance and breaking.With this general action,we then analyze how Lorentz/gauge symmetry-breaking can change the Hamiltonian structure of the theories by considering Lorentz/gauge-breaking operators with dimension as examples.We show that the Lorentz-breaking operators with gauge invariance do not change the classes of the theory constrains and the number of physical degrees of freedom of the standard Maxwell electrodynamics.When U(1)gauge symmetry-breaking operators are present,the theories generally lack a first-class constraint and have one additional physical degree of freedom compared to the standard Maxwell electrodynamics.

关 键 词：standard model extension ELECTRODYNAMICS Lorentz violations 

分 类 号：O572.3[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]