天然氢气:一种潜在的零碳能源  

Natural hydrogen:A potential carbon-free energy source

作　　者：刘全有 吴小奇[2,3] 孟庆强 朱地[4] 黄晓伟 朱东亚 李朋朋[1] 金之钧[1] Quanyou Liu;Xiaoqi Wu;Qingqiang Meng;Di Zhu;Xiaowei Huang;Dongya Zhu;Pengpeng Li;Zhijun Jin(Institute of Energy,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 102260,China;State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development,Beijing 102260,China;Energy Research Institute,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学能源研究院,北京100871 [2]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京102260 [3]页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京102260 [4]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)能源研究所,济南250014

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第17期2344-2350,共7页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U20B6001,42141021,U2244209,42172149,42172168);腾讯科学探索奖的资助.

摘　　要：2023年2月17日,Hand[1]在Science上发表了“Hidden hydrogen:Does Earth hold vast stores of a renewable,carbonfree fuel?”一文,对地球上是否存在巨量的天然氢(H_(2))进行了探讨,引发了全球能源界和科技界对这一可再生零碳能源的热议,“寻找天然氢源的热潮”也入选了Science“2023年度十大科学突破”.H2燃烧产物只有水,不释放CO_(2),因而被认为是最环保的绿色能源.天然H2作为能源转型背景下不可忽视的新能源之一[2],除了在未来一次能源需求中扮演重要角色外,甚至还可能成为气候问题的“解药”[1],同时其在原始有机质分子[3]和地球早期生命形成[4,5]中可能扮演了重要角色,因而得到了国际社会越来越多的关注.The combustion of hydrogen produces only water without releasing CO2,and thus hydrogen is considered to be the most environmentally friendly form of green energy.As a result,the potential of naturally-occurring hydrogen as a renewable carbon-free energy source has attracted a research boom amongst global communities in energy,science and technology.The“Hunt for natural hydrogen heats up”was selected as one of the“2023 breakthroughs of the year”in the journal Science.Direct extraction of natural hydrogen with economic values stored in economic quantities in geological bodies is probably the cheapest approach to produce hydrogen.Therefore,natural hydrogen is often called“gold hydrogen”.The geographical and geological distribution of natural hydrogen is summarized in this study,and its mechanisms of formation are discussed,with a view to help assess the resource potential of natural hydrogen.The study indicates that natural hydrogen is widely distributed on Earth.Natural hydrogen seeps are mainly located at the structurally active belts such as mid-oceanic ridges,ophiolite belts in the convergent margins of the plates,magmatic active zones,hot spring areas,and structurally stable zones such as Precambrian continental basements.Hydrogen has been discovered in natural gas from Chinese petroliferous basins such as Qaidam,Subei,Songliao,Bohai Bay,Ordos,and Tarim.However,little attention has been paid to it in the past.Hydrogen in natural gas is typically present in low concentrations,and therefore there are limited studies on the geological formation mechanisms of hydrogen,which has aroused extensive attention and conjecture due to the diversification of the formation environment.The reaction of water with iron-bearing minerals,represented by serpentization,is thought to be the most important mechanism of hydrogen formation,and the decomposition of water by radiation during radioactive decay is also considered as a possible mechanism for significant hydrogen generation.The Earth’s core and mantle contain b

关 键 词：绿色能源 燃烧产物 零碳 新能源 科学突破 

分 类 号：TQ116.2[化学工程—无机化工]