汉英受事补语句法分布研究  

A Study on the Syntactic Distribution of Patient Complements in Chinese and English

作　　者：宁强 NING Qiang(School of Foreign Languages,Huzhou Normal University,Huzhou,Zhejiang,313000)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院外国语学院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期134-140,共7页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目“少数民族大学生英语学习者口笔语语料库建设与应用研究”(L20BYY031)。

摘　　要：受句法时间顺序像似性原则的驱动,VO语序语言倾向不存在必须紧邻动词的受事补语,如英语,但汉语大部分受事补语则要求必须紧邻动词,解释之一是汉语动补结构发生了不同程度的语法化,解释之二是汉语句法具备较为发达的受事前置结构,这不仅实现了受事补语紧邻动词,还兼顾了汉语句法对时间顺序排布的要求。汉语不存在不能紧邻动词(即必须后置于宾语)的受事补语,这与汉语发达的受事前置结构有关,英语除传统双宾结构外,名词短语作补语不能紧邻动词,只能后置于宾语,解释之一是受跨语言NV结构述谓性的驱动,解释之二是受到句法和语义双重限制,这种双重限制也可用于解释部分汉语受事不可后置于受事补语的句法现象,解决该汉语问题的方案便是将受事前置。Driven by The Principle of Syntactic Temporal Order Iconicity,VO languages tend not to have patient complements that must be adjacent to verbs,such as in English.However,most patient complements in Chinese are required to be adjacent to verbs.One explanation is that the Chinese verb-complement structure has undergone varying degrees of grammaticalization,while the other is that Chinese syntax has some relatively developed patient preposition structures,which not only puts patient complements to a position adjacent to verbs,but also meets the requirement of Chinese syntax for temporal order arrangement.There is no patient complement in Chinese that cannot be immediately adjacent to a verb(i.e.that must be placed after an object),which is related to the relatively developed patient preposition structures in Chinese.In addition to the traditional double object structure in English,noun phrases as complements cannot be immediately adjacent to a verb and can only be placed after an object.One explanation is that it is driven by the predicative nature of the cross-language NV structure,and the other is that there are both syntactic and semantic constraints.This dual restriction can also be used to explain the syntactic phenomenon that some Chinese patients cannot be placed behind the patient complement,to which the solution is to prepose the patient.

关 键 词：汉英受事补语 句法分布 受事前置 句法时间顺序像似性原则 

分 类 号：H04[语言文字—语言学]