一种溴素制备新方法的研究  

Studies on a New Preparation Method of Bromine

作　　者：高泽远 杨牧南[1] 张蒙怜 Gao Zeyuan;Yang Munan;Zhang Menglian(College of Rare Earths,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学稀土学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《化学世界》2024年第4期252-255,共4页Chemical World

摘　　要：溴素作为一种易挥发、难保存的液体,其在应用过程中易污染同一试剂柜中的其它试剂。科研工作者针对溴素的实验室制取进行了大量的研究,但目前关于制取溴素的各种方法均存在一定的缺陷。基于已有的实验室制取溴素的方法,提出一种可避开目前方法缺陷的实验室制备溴素的方案,通过以高锰酸钾作为氧化剂、溴化钾作为溴源,在硫酸酸性环境下和在加热条件下将反应产生的溴素转变为溴蒸气,再直接将溴蒸气通过冷凝装置,得到了纯度较高的溴素。研究了高锰酸钾和硫酸生成溴素的用量,通过改进反应试剂用量、调控制取工艺,进一步提高了试剂中溴元素的利用率,实现了溴素在实验室的快速制备。结果表明,高锰酸钾用量为4.00 g、3 mol/L的硫酸用量为5 mL、溴化钾用量为11.90 g时,在加热条件下生成的溴素产率较高,所得溴素为优级纯标准,为溴素在实验室中大量应用提供了新的思路。Bromine is a volatile liquid difficult to preserve so that its application is easy to pollute other reagents in the same reagent cabinet.Researchers have studied the preparation of bromine in laboratory,but at present,there are some defects in all kinds of methods.Based on the existing method of preparing bromine in laboratory,a method of preparing bromine in laboratory is proposed which can avoid the defects of the present method.Potassium permanganate and potassium bromide are used as oxidant and bromine source,respectively,sulfuric acid provides acidic environment for the reaction,and the bromine generated by the reaction is converted into bromine vapor under heating,and then the bromine vapor is directly passed through the condensing device to afford bromine with high purity.The ratio of potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid in the direction of bromine formation was studied.By improving the dosage of reagents and regulating the preparation process,the utilization rate of bromine was further improved,and the rapid preparation of bromine was realized in the laboratory.The results showed that when the dosage of potassium permanganate is 4.00 g,the yield between 50 mL of sulfuric acid(3 mol/L)and 11.90 g of potassium bromide under heating is higher,and the bromine content meets the guaranteed reagent.It provides a new idea for the application of bromine in laboratory.

关 键 词：溴素 溴化钾 实验室制备 

分 类 号：O613.43[理学—无机化学] O611.4[理学—化学]