人力资本扩张与企业出口贸易方式——高等教育改革驱动贸易高质量发展的证据  

Human Capital Expansion and Firms Export Trade Mode:Evidence of Higher Education Reform Driving High-quality Development of Trade

作　　者：毛其淋[1] 杨琦 MAO Qilin;YANG Qi(Economic Behavior and Policy Simulation Laboratory,Nankai university,Tianjin 300071,China;School of Economics,Nankai university,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济行为与政策模拟实验室,天津300071 [2]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《商业经济与管理》2024年第6期18-35,共18页Journal of Business Economics

基　　金：习近平经济思想研究中心课题研究项目“美国对我经贸和金融领域政策及影响研究”(AZ2024010);国家社会科学基金重点项目“构建更高层次开放型经济体系研究”(22AZD054);国家自然科学基金青年项目“‘双循环’格局下反倾销与中国出口企业高质量发展研究”(72203110)。

摘　　要：由间接出口向直接出口的贸易方式转变对出口企业长远发展极为重要,是中国能否实现对外贸易高质量发展的关键。研究发现,人力资本扩张能够提高企业的直接出口概率。渠道检验表明,人力资本扩张能够有效提高企业的生产率、缓解企业融资约束和降低企业的出口固定成本,进而促使企业更多地选择直接出口贸易方式。异质性分析发现,人力资本扩张对民营企业、小企业、技术密集型企业、东部沿海地区的企业选择直接出口贸易方式的促进效应更大。最后,发现人力资本扩张促进了企业从间接出口向直接出口转变,并且这种转变还是人力资本扩张提升企业出口国内附加值和扩大出口规模的重要途径。从人力资本扩张的视角揭示了企业出口贸易方式选择与转变的驱动因素,对于理解和深化高等教育改革、有效促进出口转型升级具有一定的政策参考价值。The shift from indirect exports to direct exports is extremely important for the long-term development of export enterprises,and it is the key to China's achieving high-quality development of foreign trade.The study finds that the expansion of human capital has significantly increased the probability of enterprises for direct export,and promoted enterprises to choose more direct export trade methods.The channel test shows that the expansion of human capital can effectively increase the productivity of enterprises,alleviate financing constraints and reduce the fixed costs of exports of enterprises,thereby promoting enterprises to choose more direct export trade methods.The analysis of heterogeneity finds that the expansion of human capital has a greater effect on the direct export of private enterprises,small enterprises,labor-intensive enterprises,and enterprises in the eastern coastal areas.Finally,this article finds that human capital expansion promotes the transformation of enterprises from indirect exports to direct exports,and the transformation is also an important way for human capital expansion to enhance the domestic added value of enterprise exports and expand export scale.From the perspective of human capital expansion,this article reveals the driving factors of the transformation of enterprise export mode,which has certain reference value for understanding and deepening the reform of higher education and export transformation and upgrading.

关 键 词：人力资本 出口贸易方式 直接出口 间接出口 

分 类 号：F74[经济管理—国际贸易]