生物炭和丛枝菌根真菌协同促进稻田土壤有机磷向无机磷的转化和水稻磷素吸收  

Combined application of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promotes the transformation of organic to inorganic phosphorus in paddy soil and the absorption of phosphorous by rice

作　　者：文中华 陈义轩 史永佳 朱晓琳 刘赛男[1,2] 孟军 WEN Zhong-hua;CHEN Yi-xuan;SHI Yong-jia;ZHU Xiao-lin;LIU Sai-nan;MENG Jun(National Biochar Institute,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866,China;Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Amelioration,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866,China;Liaoning Hengrun Agriculture Corporation,Anshan,Liaoning 114222,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学国家生物炭研究院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110866 [3]辽宁恒润农业有限公司,辽宁鞍山114222

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第6期1064-1074,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项(2023JH6/100100056);沈阳市科技计划项目(22-317-2-08,2021-57);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-51)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确生物炭和丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)及其协同作用对土壤磷素赋存形态和水稻磷吸收的影响,为提高稻田土壤磷素有效性提供科学依据。【方法】水稻(Oryza sativa L.)盆栽试验在温室内进行,以正常施肥管理为对照(CK),在此基础上设置接种AMF处理(A)、施用生物炭处理(10 g/kg土,B)、同时接种AMF和施用生物炭处理(10 g/kg土,AB)。水稻收获时采样测定土壤pH、电导率(EC)、微生物生物量、磷酸酶活性以及不同形态磷的含量,分析了水稻根系菌根浸染率。【结果】与CK处理相比,生物炭、接种AMF及其联合添加处理(AB)土壤pH值分别显著增加了0.16、0.17和0.23个单位;生物炭处理土壤EC增加了7.4%,而接种AMF处理降低了6.4%;AB处理土壤微生物量碳和磷含量分别增加了39.1%和139.7%。稻田土壤中最主要的磷素赋存形态为稳态磷(HCl-Pi和Res-P),占全磷的75%~77%,其次是中度活性磷(NaOH-Pi和NaOH-Po),占全磷的16%~18%,而活性磷(H2O-P、NaHCO3-Po和NaHCO3-Pi)含量仅占全磷的7%~8%。生物炭、接种AMF及二者联合添加处理(AB)显著增加了土壤活性磷和中度活性磷中无机态磷组分(H2O-P、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Pi)的含量,降低了有机态磷组分(NaHCO3-Po、NaOH-Po)含量,且AB处理对活性和中度活性无机磷组分的提升幅度显著高于接种AMF处理。与CK相比,生物炭、接种AMF及AB处理均显著增加了土壤酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05),AB处理的增幅最高,分别为25.1%和25.5%,且显著高于单独接种AMF处理。AB处理显著增加了水稻根系菌丝和丛枝侵染率,较接种AMF处理分别增加了7.04(P<0.001)和2.37(P<0.05)个百分点。生物炭和接种AMF处理对水稻地上部和地下部磷吸收量均无显著影响,而AB处理显著增加了地下部磷吸收量,相较于CK增加了200.0%。【结论】生物炭和AMF联用提高了土壤pH、酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性,促进了活性和中度活性【Objectives】Biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are beneficial to the nutrient absorption of crops.We studied their individual and combined effect on the conversion of soil phosphorus existing forms and rice phosphorus uptake.【Methods】A rice(Oryza sativa L.)pot experiment was conducted inside greenhouse.At the base of normal water and fertilizer management(CK),inoculation with AMF(A),addition of 10 g/kg biochar(B),and both inoculation and biochar addition(AB)were setup as treatments.At harvest of rice,soils were sampled for determination of microbial biomass,acid and alkali phosphatase activity(AP,ALP),and the contents of different phosphorus forms,rice root samples were collected for measurement of hyphal,arbuscular,and vesicle colorization rate and P uptake.【Results】Compared to CK,biochar,AMF,and AB treatments significantly increased soil pH by 0.16,0.17,and 0.23 units;biochar increased soil EC by 7.4%,while AMF reduced it by 6.4%;AB treatment increased soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and phosphorus(MBP)content by 39.1%and 139.7%,respectively.In paddy soil,sparingly labile phosphorus(HCl-Pi and Res-P)was dominant,accounting 75%−77%of the total P,following is moderate labile phosphorus(NaOH-Pi and NaOH�Po),accounting 16%−18%,the lowest was labile phosphorus(H2O-P,NaHCO3-Po,and NaHCO3-Pi),accounting for only 7%−8%.All the biochar,AMF,and AB treatments increased the proportion of inorganic P fractions in labile and moderate labile phosphorus(H2O-P,NaHCO3-Pi,NaOH-Pi),and decreased the proportion of organic fractions(NaHCO3-Po,NaOH-Po),and AB treatment was recorded significantly higher effect than biochar and AMF treatments.Compared with CK,all the biochar,AMF and AB treatments enhanced AP and ALP activities,and AB treatment was recorded significantly higher effect with an increment of AP and ALP activity by 25.1%,and 25.5%over those of CK.In addition,AB treatment was recorded 7.04 and 2.37 percentage points higher hyphal and arbuscular colonization rate than AMF treatment,but similar

关 键 词：生物炭 丛枝菌根真菌 土壤pH Hedley磷组分 菌根侵染率 磷吸收量 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]