添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂条件下基于^(15)N示踪的夏玉米当季肥料氮去向研究  

Study on the fate of fertilizer nitrogen during summer maize season based on high abundance of^(15)N under application of urease/nitrification inhibitors

作　　者：辛苏宁 王磊[1] 卢艳丽[1] 白由路[1] 王玉红 江晗 王洛斌 XIN Su-ning;WANG Lei;LU Yan-li;BAI You-lu;WANG Yu-hong;JIANG Han;WANG Luo-bin(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第6期1092-1102,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2021YFD1700900)。

摘　　要：【目的】以华北平原夏玉米为研究对象,利用高丰度15N同位素示踪方法,探究添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂条件下肥料氮的去向。【方法】于2022−06−25至2022−10−09在河北省廊坊市进行试验。设置5个处理:不施氮肥对照(CK)、单施尿素(U)、尿素+脲酶抑制剂(UI)、尿素+硝化抑制剂(NI)、尿素+脲酶抑制剂+硝化抑制剂(UI+NI),测定了氮素吸收量,监测了累积NH3挥发和N_(2)O排放量,并计算了肥料氮的气态损失量和土壤氮肥残留量。【结果】与单施尿素处理相比,3个添加抑制剂处理UI、NI和UI+NI的地上部吸氮量分别显著提高了39.7%、33.1%和41.8%,氮肥利用率分别显著提高12.5、6.8和12.3个百分点,UI和UI+NI的提升效果显著高于NI。与U和NI相比,UI处理的土壤中肥料氮残留量分别提高了35.6%和27.9%,UI+NI分别提高了45.7%和37.4%。与U处理相比,NI处理的NH3挥发累积量无显著差异,而UI和UI+NI处理土壤的NH3挥发累积量分别显著减少了14.3%和11.6%;UI、NI和UI+NI处理土壤的N_(2)O累积排放量分别显著降低了17.2%、19.9%和34.5%,UI+NI处理土壤的N_(2)O累积排放量又比UI和NI处理分别显著降低了20.9%和18.2%。【结论】尿素配合脲酶/硝化抑制剂施用显著提高了夏玉米的氮素吸收量,添加脲酶抑制剂显著提高了土壤中肥料氮残留量,减少了累积NH3挥发量和N_(2)O累积排放量,而添加硝化抑制剂增加土壤中肥料氮的残留量和减少NH3挥发的效果不显著,但降低了N_(2)O累积排放量。同时配施脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂处理增加了土壤中肥料氮的残留量,降低NH3挥发量和N_(2)O累积排放量的效果显著优于配施一种抑制剂,肥料氮的损失率降至3.7%。因此,在华北平原典型潮土区,夏玉米生产中推荐尿素同时配施脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂,以减少肥料氮的气态损失,提高氮肥当季利用率。【Objectives】The purpose of this paper was to investigate the fate of fertilizer nitrogen under the application of urease/nitrification inhibitors in summer maize in North China Plain by using high abundance 15N isotope tracer method.【Methods】The summer maize field experiment was conducted from June 25 to October 9 of 2022 in Langfang,Hebei Province.The experiment contained five treatments:no nitrogen fertilizer control(CK),merely urea application(U),combined application of urea with urease inhibitor(UI),nitrification inhibitor(NI),and both of urease and nitrification inhibitor(UI+NI).The cumulative NH3 volatilization and N_(2)O emission were monitored to calculate the gaseous loss of fertilizer nitrogen.The N uptake by plant,soil fertilizer N residues were investigated at harvest.【Results】Compared with merely urea treatment,UI,NI and UI+NI treatment increased the N absorption in the above ground of maize by 39.7%,33.1%and 41.8%,thus significantly increased the N recovery rate by 12.5,6.8 and 12.3 percentage points,respectively,and the enhancement effect of UI and UI+NI were higher than that of NI.Compared with U,UI and UI+NI increased soil N residue by 35.6%and 45.7%.NI did not reduce the NH3 volatilization obviously,while UI and UI+NI significantly decreased that by 14.3%and 11.6%,respectively.All the UI,NI and UI+NI treatments reduced cumulative N_(2)O emission significantly,with the reduction rate of 17.2%,19.9%,and 34.5%,respectively,and UI+NI treatment was recorded significantly higher reduction rate than UI and NI by 20.9%and 18.2%,respectively.【Conclusions】In the typical fluvo-aquic soil of North China Plain,combining application of urea with urease/nitrification inhibitors on summer maize could significantly increase the nitrogen absorption of summer maize.Urease inhibitor significantly increases fertilizer nitrogen residues in soil,reduces NH3 volatilization and cumulative N_(2)O emission,while nitrification inhibitor mainly reduces the cumulative N_(2)O emission.The combined application

关 键 词：夏玉米 高丰度15N尿素 脲酶抑制剂 硝化抑制剂 氮肥当季吸收量 土壤残留率 气态损失 肥料氮当季损失率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]