短碳链二元羧酸与磷酸二铵复合提高磷在土壤中的扩散距离和有效性  

Combination of short carbon chain dicarboxylic acids with diammonium phosphate increases the diffusion distance and availability of phosphorous in soil

作　　者：孔维众 张水勤[2] 李燕婷[2] 徐久凯 许猛 高强[1] 赵秉强[2] 袁亮[2] KONG Wei-zhong;ZHANG Shui-qin;LI Yan-ting;XU Jiu-kai;XU Meng;GAO Qiang;ZHAO Bing-qiang;YUAN Liang(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin 130118,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春130118 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第6期1163-1172,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFD1700202);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132023012);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】有机酸与磷肥结合施用可有效减少土壤中磷固定,但有机酸碳链长度与磷肥有效性的关系尚不明确。将不同碳链长度的二元羧酸与磷酸二铵复合,研究其对磷酸二铵在土壤中的扩散及有效性的影响,以期为高效磷肥产品开发提供理论依据。【方法】试验以草酸(OA)、丁二酸(BA)、己二酸(AA)、辛二酸(SA)为供试材料,分别按0.5%的质量比与粉状磷酸二铵混合均匀后挤压造粒,得到4个含有不同碳链长度的二元羧酸与磷酸二铵复合磷肥试验样品(代号分别为OAP、BAP、AAP、SAP),磷酸二铵样品(DAP)也按照同样方法挤压造粒。磷培养试验以5个肥料样品为处理,以不添加磷肥为对照(CK),每个处理设置18个重复。在培养的第1、3、7、14和28天,进行滤纸可视化显色,测定肥料磷的扩散距离(半径),同时采集土样测定速效磷、Ca2-P和Ca8-P含量,测定pH及碱性磷酸酶活性。【结果】与DAP相比,OAP、BAP、AAP、SAP处理均增加了磷素扩散距离,扩散距离各处理的排序为OAP>BAP>AAP>SAP,OAP处理的磷扩散距离较DAP平均增加了29.5%。培养28天时,4个二元羧酸磷酸二铵复合磷肥处理的土壤平均速效磷、Ca2-P、Ca8-P含量分别较DAP提高了0.48%~12.6%、4.06%~37.1%、1.25%~20.9%,均以OAP的提高幅度最高。在培养3~28天,二元羧酸磷酸二铵复合磷肥处理的土壤碱性磷酸酶活性均高于DAP,以OAP处理的活性最高。与CK处理相比,施磷肥处理土壤pH显著下降,以OAP处理降幅最大。【结论】供试二元羧酸与磷酸二铵复合均可减少磷的固定,提高土壤速效磷含量,增加磷肥在土壤中的扩散距离;其中,以草酸磷酸二铵复合肥效果最好。【Objectives】We studied the effects of dicarboxylic acids on increasing the diffusion distance and availability of diammonium phosphate(DAP)in soil,to find an alternative way to increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer products.【Methods】Oxalic acid(OA),succinic acid(BA),adipic acid(AA),and suberic acid(SA)were selected as test dicarboxylic acids.The dicarboxylic acids were respectively mixed with DAP powder at a mass ratio of 0.5%,and then granulated to make fertilizer samples(denoted as OAP,BAP,AAP,SAP),ordinary diammonium phosphate(DAP)sample was crushed and granulated in the same way.An incubation experiment was conducted using the five fertilizer samples as treatments and a no fertilizer as control(CK),and each treatment had 18 replicates,i.e.18 petri dishes.At the 1,3,7,14,and 28th days of incubation,a filter paper,previously soaked in FeO solution,was laid on the surface of soil in a petri dish,the fertilizer phosphorus was stained and then scanned for measurement of diffusion distance of fertilizer phosphorus.The soils were sampled at the same time for the determination of available P,Ca2-P and Ca8-P content,pH,and alkaline phosphatase activity.【Results】Compared with DAP,all the DAP-dicarboxylic acid treatments(OAP,BAP,AAP and SAP)increased the P diffusion distance.The diffusion distances of P in the treatments were in order of OAP>BAP>AAP>SAP,that in OAP treatment was 29.5%higher than in DAP.All the DAP-dicarboxylic acid treatments increased soil average available P,Ca2-P and Ca8-P contents to some extent,the increment relative to DAP were 0.48%−12.6%,4.06%−37.1%and 1.25%−20.9%at the 28 days of incubation.Compared with DAP,DAP-dicarboxylic acids enhanced soil alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased pH during 3−28 days of incubation,the highest activity and lowest pH were always recorded in OAP treatment.【Conclusions】Addition of dicarboxylic acids effectively enhanced the availability of phosphorous in diammonium phosphate,due to the longer diffusion distance and higher av

关 键 词：二元羧酸 碳链长度 羧基含量 磷扩散 速效磷含量 磷形态 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]