园林绿化废弃物有机肥养分释放特征及对油松生长的影响  

Nutrient release characteristics of landscaping waste organic fertilizer and the effects on Pinus tabulaeformis growth and soil fertility

作　　者：杨海婷 祁文俊 高超前 于凌霄 彭祚登[1] YANG Hai-ting;QI Wen-jun;GAO Chao-qian;YU Ling-xiao;PENG Zuo-deng(Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China;Beijing Daxing District Forestry Workstation,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学,北京100083 [2]中国计量科学研究院,北京100029 [3]北京市大兴区林业工作站,北京102600

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第6期1173-1184,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家发改委环境污染第三方治理项目(2017HXFWLXY023)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究园林绿化废弃物有机肥(LWOF)养分释放特征和施用后对油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)生长的影响,为合理利用园林废弃物资源提供科学依据。【方法】养分释放特征研究采用尼龙网袋法,将50 g干LWOF装入孔径8.47μm的尼龙袋中,分别埋置在0—20和20—40 cm两个土层。之后每隔1.5个月取1次样,共取4次,测定袋内LWOF以及含有的有机质和氮磷钾残留量,计算残留率。施用效果田间试验在北京平原沙地进行,供试材料为2015年营建的油松林。试验设6个LWOF施用水平处理:0、10、15、20、25、30 kg/株,依次记为CK、T1、T2、T3、T4和T5。测定试验开始时和一年后土壤理化性质,以及油松生长指标。【结果】1)LWOF干物质和有机质残留率随时间推移逐渐下降,埋置在20—40 cm土层的LWOF分解速率快于0—20 cm土层,0—20、20—40 cm土层6个月分解后的残留率有机质分别为52.46%和48.72%,氮分别为58.73%和56.93%;埋置1.5个月时0—20、20—40 cm土层的磷素残留率分别为52.23%和52.15%,之后呈现波动,没有明显下降趋势;钾素残留率在埋置1.5个月后0—20、20—40 cm土层仅分别为27.95%和28.54%,6个月后分别为22.73%和20.89%。2)施用LWOF一年后土壤有机质含量显著增加。与CK相比,T4处理0—20 cm土层土壤全氮含量升高41.81%,T4处理0—20 cm土层有效磷含量升高53.13%,T5处理20—40 cm土层速效钾含量是CK的1.63倍。3)T3处理的油松树高增长率,T1处理的油松材积增长率,T4和T5处理的油松叶片养分含量较CK均显著提高。叶绿素a、b及总叶绿素含量随施肥量的增加均呈“先上升后下降”的趋势,均在T4处理达到最大,最大值相比于CK分别增加了81.25%、85.71%和90.00%。综合油松生长和养分含量,不同处理对油松的促生效应表现为:T4>T5>T3>T1>T2>CK。【结论】园林废弃物有机肥在20—40 cm土层内的分解速率快于0—20 cm土层,其所含的氮素释放速率较为均�【Objective】We investigated the nutrient release characteristics of landscape waste organic fertilizer(LWOF)and the effect of its application on Pinus tabulaeformis,aiming for the scientific use of LWOF as an organic fertilizer in the management of artificial forest.【Method】The nylon net bag method was adopted to study the nutrient release of LWOF.Dry LWOF samples of 50 g was loaded into nylon bags(8.47μm)and buried into 0−20 cm and 20−40 cm soil layers,respectively.The samples were collected every one and half month for the analysis of residual LWOF and the corresponding organic matter and NPK in them,and the residual rate was then calculated.Field experiment was conducted for the promotion effect of LWOF in sandy area of Beijing plain,the test Pinus tabulaeformis forest was camped in 2015.Six application amounts of LWOF were set up for the research,including 0,10,15,20,25,and 30 kg/plant,denoted as CK,T1,T2,T3,T4,and T5,respectively.Soil physicochemical properties at the beginning and one year after experiment were determined,and the growth indicators of the Pinus tabulaeformis were investigated at the same time.【Results】1)The decomposition rate of LWOF buried in 20−40 cm soil layer was faster than in 0−20 cm soil layer.The residue rates of organic matter in 0−20 cm and 20−40 cm layers of LWOF after 6 months of decomposition were 52.46%and 48.72%,respectively.The N in LWOF was gradually released during the 6-month period,with the last residue rate of 58.73%and 56.93%,respectively.P was released rapidly in the first 1.5 months of burial and then fluctuated,with the last residual rates of 52.23%and 52.15%,respectively.The release of K was rapid and relatively complete,with the residual rates of 27.95%and 28.54%in the first 1.5 months and the last residue rate of 22.73%and 20.89%after 6 months.2)One year after the application of LWOF,the organic matter content increased significantly,the soil total N in T4 treatment in 0−20 cm soil layer was 41.81%higher,the available P content in 0−20

关 键 词：园林绿化废弃物有机肥 土壤 油松 养分释放 灰色关联综合评判值 

分 类 号：S791.254[农业科学—林木遗传育种]