基于形态学和线粒体COI基因分子标记的安西自然保护区普氏野马马胃蝇幼虫鉴定分析  

Identification and Analysis of Gasterophilus spp.Larvae of Equus ferus in Gansu Anxi Extreme-arid Desert National Nature Reserve:Evidence from Morphological and Mitochondrial COI Gene

作　　者：裴鹏祖 田瑞祥 闫利平 张东[2] PEI Pengzu;TIAN Ruixiang;Yan Liping;ZHANG Dong(Management Center of Gansu Anxi Extra-arid National Nature Reserve,Guazhou Gansu 736100,China;School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,100083 China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区管护中心,甘肃瓜州736100 [2]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

出　　处：《甘肃林业科技》2024年第2期53-57,共5页Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：2021年自列省级林业和草原科技项目(2021kj049);中央高校基本科研业务费(BH2022-07)。

摘　　要：马胃蝇Gasterophilus spp.是马科动物体内常见的一类寄生虫,目前全世界报道了9种马胃蝇。马胃蝇不同物种具有明显的地域分布特征,不同地区感染马胃蝇的物种组成结构差异明显。为了探究甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区内普氏野马Equus ferus感染马胃蝇幼虫的物种组成,2021年对保护区内的野马进行了驱虫保健,并解剖死亡个体,采获马胃蝇幼虫875只;利用体视解剖镜对特征明显的三龄幼虫进行了形态学观察及鉴别,根据三龄幼虫领部棘刺,以及各体节棘刺形态、口脊骨页部形态平滑、伪头小刺结构清晰等特征,明确了三龄幼虫均为黑腹胃蝇Gasterophilus pecorum;对于形态难以鉴定的一、二龄幼虫,采取了扩增其线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基(COI)基因并与GenBank数据库中马胃蝇属序列对比的分子鉴定方法,经过比对分析,确认一、二龄幼虫均与黑腹胃蝇序列聚为一支,且与黑腹胃蝇遗传距离最近。综上,确认甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区马胃蝇种类均为黑腹胃蝇。Gasterophilus spp.is a common and important parasite of the family Equidae.At present,nine species of Gasterophilus spp.have been reported in the world.The geographical distribution of these different species obviously has various characteristics,showing apparent differences in the species composition structure of Gasterophilus infection in different regions.In order to explore the species composition of Equus ferus infected with Gasterophilus larvae in Gansu Anxi Extra-arid National Nature Reserve,the Equus ferus were dewormed and maintained in the reserve in 2021,and the dead individuals were dissected to collect Gasterophilus larvae.A total of 875 Gasterophilus larvae were collected.Firstly,the morphological observation and identification of the third instar larvae were applied.According to the third instar larva,the shape of each body,the spine page smooth shape,pseudo head small thorn clear structure,the third instar larvae were considered as Gasterophilus pecorum;Secondly,for the first and second instar larvae that were difficult to identify based on morphological characters,the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit(COI)gene was amplified for molecular identification.Above all,the larvae were all identified to be G.pecorum based on both morphological and molecular evidence.

关 键 词：普氏野马 马胃蝇 线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基(COI)基因 分子鉴定 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]