长白山北坡不同海拔笃斯越橘种群年龄结构、动态特征及保育建议  

Age Structure,Dynamic Characteristics and Conservation Suggestion of Vaccinium uliginosum Population at Different Altitudes on Northern Slope of Changbai Mountain

作　　者：吕重阳 李金航 其其格[1] 张启昌[1] 涂文欣 孙新宇 刘羿辰 王猛 LÜ Chongyang;LI Jinhang;QI Qige;ZHANG Qichang;TU Wenxin;SUN Xinyu;LIU Yichen;WANG Meng(Forestry College of Beihua University,Jilin 132013,China;Jilin Forestry Survey and Design Institute,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]北华大学林学院,吉林吉林132013 [2]吉林省林业勘察设计研究院,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《北华大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期433-441,共9页Journal of Beihua University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32171770);北华大学研究生创新计划项目(2022051)。

摘　　要：以长白山北坡野生笃斯越橘(Vaccinium uliginosum L.)为研究对象,采用梯度格局法设置标准地,调查海拔800、1 000、1 200、1 400、2 200 m野生笃斯越橘种群数量,通过静态生命表、存活曲线、死亡率和消失率曲线综合分析种群数量动态变化规律。结果表明:1)长白山北坡野生笃斯越橘繁育期(龄级Ⅱ和Ⅲ)、繁育前期(龄级Ⅰ)和繁育后期(龄级Ⅳ)个体数占比分别为87.0%、11.9%和1.1%,符合年龄金字塔第二类型特征。2)龄级Ⅱ的基株个体数占比在各海拔均为最高,其中,海拔800 m和1 400 m分别达81.0%和71.3%;龄级Ⅰ在海拔1 000 m的个体数占比最高(15.2%);龄级Ⅳ在海拔800 m的个体数占比最高,但仅为2.2%,在1 400、2 200 m几乎为0,因此,基株整体呈稳定型。繁育期的分株个体数占比随海拔升高而升高,整体呈稳定型,但海拔1 400 m龄级Ⅰ分株个体数占比最高,达68.0%;龄级Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ的占比分别为31.0%、1.0%和0,因此,该海拔的分株为增长型种群。3)基株种群的存活曲线在各海拔均呈DeeveyⅠ型凸曲线,死亡率随龄级增加逐渐下降;分株种群存活曲线在1 400 m介于DeeveyⅠ型和DeeveyⅡ型之间,其他海拔均为DeeveyⅠ型,死亡率随龄级增加呈先升高后降低趋势。4)幼龄种群储备不足以及繁育期高死亡率是长白山笃斯越橘种群趋于衰退的主要原因,建议重点保护生命力旺盛的幼龄植株,在繁育期死亡率较高的海拔区段严格管理,控制人为过度采摘和生境破坏。同时,深入探究笃斯越橘繁殖特性与人工更新技术,提高对野生笃斯越橘的生态保护意识。The wild Vaccinium uliginosum L.on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain is used as the research subject and the gradient pattern method is used to set up standard plots to survey the populations of wild Vaccinium uliginosum L.at the altitudes of 800,1000,1200,1400,and 2200 m,and to analyze the dynamic changes of the population through the static life table,the survival curve,the death rate curve,and the disappearance rate curve.The results showed that:(1)The proportion of individuals in the breeding stage(age classesⅡandⅢ),pre-breeding stage(age classⅠ)and late breeding stage(age classⅣ)of the wild Vacci-nium uliginosum on the north slope of Changbai Mountain were 87.0%,11.9%and 1.1%,respectively,which is in line with the characteristics of the second type of age pyramid.(2)The proportion of individuals of the basal plants of age classⅡis the highest at all altitudes,with 81.0%and 71.3%at 800 m and 1400 m,respec-tively,and the proportion of individuals of age classⅠis the highest at 1000 m(15.2%),while the proportion of individuals of age classⅣis the highest at 800 m but only 2.2%,and almost zero at 1400,2200 m.Therefore,the basal plants as a whole are stable.The proportion of individuals in the reproductive stage of the ramets increased with increasing altitude and is stable overall,however,at the altitude of 1400 m,the proportion of ramets in age classⅠis the highest,reaching 68.0%,while the proportions of age classesⅡ,ⅢandⅣare 31.0%,1.0%and 0,respectively,thus the ramet is a growing population at this altitude.(3)The survival curve of the basal plant population shows a convex curve of Deevey typeⅠat all altitudes,and the mortality rate declined gradually with increasing age class;The survival curve of the split-plant population is between Deevey typeⅠand Deevey typeⅡat 1400 m,and Deevey typeⅠat all other altitudes,and the mortality rate shows a increasing tendency and then decreasing with increasing age class.(4)Insufficient reserves of young populations and high mortality rat

关 键 词：笃斯越橘 年龄结构 种群动态 保育建议 

分 类 号：S718.45[农业科学—林学]