遮阴对猫爪草光合特性及叶片解剖结构的影响  

Effects of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics and leaf structure of Ranunculus ternatus Thunb

作　　者：王黎 赵丹丹 张鸽香[1] WANG Li;ZHAO Dandan;ZHANG Gexiang(College of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学风景园林学院,南京210037

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2024年第7期1055-1063,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：南京市绿化园林局“南京地区野生花卉资源调查及引种栽培研究”项目(066018K60721);江苏高校品牌专业建设工程项目(PPZY2015.A063)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同遮阴程度对野生植物猫爪草光合特性和叶片解剖结构的影响,为深入了解其耐阴性以及开展规模化栽植提供理论基础。【方法】采用控制变量法,以盆栽猫爪草为试验材料,设置全光照(CK)、30%遮阴(T_(1))、50%遮阴(T_(2))、70%遮阴(T_(3))和90%遮阴(T_(4))5个处理,对各处理下叶片光合特性及解剖结构进行分析。【结果】(1)随着遮阴程度增加,猫爪草叶面积在T_(3)环境下达到最大值,而株高和茎粗逐渐降低。(2)随遮阴程度增加,叶片表观量子效率(AQE)先升后降,在T_(4)处理下显著低于其他处理,而光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、暗呼吸速率(R_(d))和最大净光合速率(P_(n,max))逐渐降低;最大荧光(F_(m))、可变荧光(F_(v))、最大化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))和PSⅡ潜在活性(F_(v)/F_(o))先升后降,初始荧光(F_(o))和热耗散的电子比率(φ_(Do))则先降后升。(3)随着遮阴程度的增加,叶片气孔密度先减后增,并在T3处理达到最小值,上下表皮厚度和海绵组织厚度逐渐降低,组织结构紧密度(CTR)先降后升,组织结构疏松度(SR)先升后降。(4)叶片栅栏组织、海绵组织、叶片厚度及上、下表皮厚度与Rd呈极显著或显著正相关关系;海绵组织厚度、CTR和SR与P_(n,max),以及栅海比(P/S)、SR与AQE均呈显著正相关关系;海绵组织厚度和SR与F_(o)呈显著负相关关系。【结论】猫爪草可以通过降低光合速率和改变叶片结构提高耐阴性,在全光照下生长良好,也能较好地适应30%~70%遮阴环境。[Objective]The study aims to investigate the effects of different shading levels on the photosynthetic characteristics and leaf anatomical structure of wild plant Ranunculus ternatus Thunb.and provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of its shading tolerance and large-scale planting.[Methods]This experiment adopts the method of controlling variables with R.ternatus Thunb.as materials.Five shading treatments full light(CK),30%shading(T_(1)),50%shading(T_(2)),70%shading(T_(3)),and 90%shading(T_(4)),were applied.[Results](1)With the increase of shading,the leaf area reached the maximum under T_(3) environment.Plant height and stem diameter were decreased with the decrease of light.(2)With the increase of shading,the leaf apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of R.ternatus was first increased and then decreased, and was lower than other treatments under T_(4) treatment. Light saturationpoint (LSP), light compensation point (LCP), dark respiration rate (R_(d)), and maximum net photosyntheticrate (P_(n,max)) were decreased gradually. Maximum fluorescence (F_(m)), variable fluorescence (F_(v)),maximized chemical efficiency (F_(v)/F_(m)), and PSⅡ potential activity (F_(v)/F_(o)) were increased first and thendecreased, while the electron ratio of heat dissipation (φ_(Do)) and the initial fluorescence (F_(o)) was decreasedfirst and then increased. (3) With the increase of shading, the stomatal density of R. ternatus was firstdecreased and then increased, and reached the minimum value at T_(3) treatment. The thickness of the upperand lower epidermis and the thickness of the sponge gradually were decreased, the tissue structure compactness(CTR) was decreased first and then increased, and the tissue structure porosity (SR) was firstincreased and then decreased. (4) Leaf palisade tissue, sponge tissue, leaf thickness, and upper, and lowerepidermal thickness were positively correlated with Rd. Sponge tissue thickness (ST), CTR, and SRwere positively correlated with P_(n,max). P/S and SR were positively correlated

关 键 词：猫爪草 遮阴 光合特性 叶片解剖结构 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学] Q944.5