明清治水比附与《孟子》“排淮注江”研究  

Analogy Between‘Draining the Tributary of the Huai River into the Yangtze River’in the Mencius and Water Control and Research in Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：袁慧 Yuan Hui(Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Social Sciences,Nanjing 210004,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省社会科学院,江苏南京210004

出　　处：《历史地理研究》2024年第2期46-61,161,162,共18页The Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“江淮运交互区的水文生态和景观变迁研究(16—20世纪中叶)”(20CZS057)。

摘　　要：明代后期淮河由独流入海改为分泄归江,因《孟子》中有“排淮注江”与水文情境暗合,被援引为泄淮注江的理论依据。清代前期,河臣以禹王河比附《孟子》,构建新的泄淮入江通道,引发士人对治水、经典与地理的思辨。清代中期,淮扬水患频发,孙星衍、焦循借地理考据,构建江、淮上游相通之说,表达泄淮入江、缓解地方水患的主张。清代后期,诸儒围绕焦循等人的观点展开地理辨析,否认江、淮上游相通,确认江、淮与运河一体的认知。明清《孟子》“排淮注江”研究与治水紧密关联,以重构江淮关系为中心的实践与探索为传统经学注入地理考辨与经世致用思维,使原本围绕经文的简单判读转变为对江、淮沟通路线与地理空间的考证与阐释,将“排淮注江”推向地理专题研究层面。The Huai River was partially diverted into the Yangtze River in the Late Ming Dynasty instead of straightly entering the sea.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,text in the Mencius was closely related to water management.The text of‘draining the tributary of the Huai River into the Yangtze River’in the Mencius was cited by contemporaries as an analogy to the hydrological situation and provided the theoretical basis for water control.In the early Qing Dynasty,water control officials related the Yu Wang River to the Mencius and conceptualized a new channel for draining the flood of the Huai River into the Yangtze River,sparking scholarly deliberations on water management,the classics,and geography.In the mid-Qing Dynasty,frequent floods occurred in the Huaiyang area.Based on critical studies on geographical texts,Sun Xingyan and Jiao Xun argued that the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huai River were connected,suggesting the idea of draining the flow of the Huai River into the Yangtze River to relieve flood.In the late Qing Dynasty,Confucian scholars conducted critical text analysis around the geographical viewpoints of Jiao Xun,refuting the common upper reaches between the Yangtze River and the Huai River,and reconfirmed the interconnections between the Yangtze River,the Huai River,and the Grand Canal.The practice and exploration centered on reconstructing the relationship between the Yangtze River and the Huai River injected geographical identification and practical application into traditional Confucian studies,transforming the simple interpretation of classics into textual research and interpretation of the relationship between the two rivers as well as the geographical space in-between,pushing the related study to the level of geographical thematic research.

关 键 词：《孟子》 附会经典 高堰 禹王河 江淮关系 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]