低温对小麦种子萌发不同阶段生理特性的影响  

Effect of low temperature on physiological characteristics of wheat seeds at different stages of germination

作　　者：刘瑞 周贵兰 洪越 路振宗 袁雪 王晔 李润枝 LIU Rui;ZHOU Guilan;HONG Yue;LU Zhenzong;YUAN Xue;WANG Ye;LI Runzhi(Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;Agricultural Service Center,Shili Township,Yantang County,Sichuan Province,Sichuan Aba 624399,China)

机构地区：[1]农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室,植物生产国家级实验教学示范中心,北京农学院,北京102206 [2]四川省壤塘县石里乡农业服务中心,四川阿坝624399

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2024年第3期32-38,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：北京农学院科技创新“火花行动”支持计划(BUA-HHXD2024003)。

摘　　要：【目的】为今后给小麦种子低温萌发及高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以‘航麦247’和‘济麦22’为试验材料,通过标准发芽试验划分吸胀、萌动和发芽阶段,分别在3个阶段均进行6 h、12 h和24 h的4℃低温胁迫,测定其萌发指标、形态指标和生理指标。【结果】‘济麦22’和‘航麦247’种子萌发的3阶段分别为0~6 h、6~21 h、21 h和0~6 h、6~18 h、18 h;小麦种子在低温胁迫时,萌发不同阶段的发芽率、发芽势、萌发指数和活力指数均下降,苗长、主根长和鲜重降低,可溶性糖含量、相对电解质外渗率和丙二醛含量升高;吸胀阶段的低温胁迫对小麦种子萌发的影响最大;‘航麦247’萌发期耐低温胁迫的能力高于‘济麦22’。【结论】低温胁迫对小麦种子萌发过程中不同阶段的生理特性均有影响,在吸胀阶段的影响最大。[Objective]To clarify the impacts of low-temperature stress on the physiological characteristics of wheat seeds at different stages of the germination process and to compare the low-temperature tolerance of two wheat varieties during the germination stage.[Methods]Taking'Hangmai 247'and'Ji Mai 22'as the test materials,the stages of suckering,sprouting,and germination were divided by standard germination experiments,and then all three stages were subjected to low-temperature stress at 4℃for 6 h,12 h,and 24 h,respectively,to determine the germination indexes,morphological indexes,and physiological indexes.[Results]The three stages of seed germination of'Ji Mai 22'and'Hangmai 247'were 0-6 h,6-21 h,21 h,and 0-6 h,6-18 h,18 h,respectively;germination potential,germination rate,germination index and vigor index of wheat seeds at different stages of germination decreased during low temperature stress;soluble sugar content,relative electrolyte exudation rate,and malondialdehyde content increased in the suckering stage;seedling length,main root length,and fresh weight decreased in the suckering stage.The germination rate,germination potential,germination index,and vigor index of wheat seed germination in all stages of low-temperature stress decreased;seedling length,main root length,and fresh weight decreased;soluble sugar content,relative electrolyte extravasation rate,and malondialdehyde content increased;low-temperature stress in the suckering stage had the greatest effect on wheat seed germination;and the ability of'Hangmai 247'to tolerate low-temperature stress in the germination stage was higher than that of'Ji Mai 22'.[Conclusion]Low temperature stress affected the physiological characteristics of wheat seeds at different stages of germination,with the greatest effect at the suckering stage.

关 键 词：小麦 低温胁迫 萌发 生理特性 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]