羊肚菌菌种出菇性状早期评价与田间验证  

Early evaluation of fruiting traits and the field verification of morel mushroom strains

作　　者：乔莹 孔繁建 左鑫 陈青君 张薇薇 魏子涵 曹博硕 张国庆 QIAO Ying;KONG Fanjian;ZUO Xin;CHEN Qingjun;ZHANG Weiwei;WEI Zihan;CAO Boshuo;ZHANG Guoqing(College of Plant Science and Technology,Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique,Beijing 102206,China;Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Shunyi District,Beijing 101300,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [2]北京市顺义区农业科学研究所,北京101300

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2024年第3期84-90,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队(BAIC03-05)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过母种和原种生长特性、人工气候室出菇和田间栽培试验,建立羊肚菌菌种出菇性状早期评价体系,为栽培实践提供依据。【方法】以10个六妹羊肚菌商业菌种为材料,测定不同菌株母种和原种培养基菌丝生长速率、生物量等生长特性,观测3种温度模式下人工气候室出菇过程中菌丝生长和菌核情况,记录田间栽培试验单菇鲜重、菌盖长度、菌盖直径、产量等农艺性状。【结果】各菌株在母种、原种和人工气候室出菇试验中存在显著差异,通过对三个试验进行分别赋分统计并求和,AK、G8和JYN菌株得分最高,表明具有潜在的高产能力。田间验证试验结果显示,AK、G8和JYN菌株在产量、单菇鲜重、子囊果长等农艺性状方面表现突出,与预测结果相符。【结论】利用母种和原种生长特性、人工气候室出菇表现,可以对羊肚菌菌种质量进行早期评价,为实践生产中菌种选择和质量评价提供技术支撑。[Objective]This study establishes an early evaluation system for the fruiting traits of morel mushroom strains.This is achieved through the examination of growth characteristics in stock culture and mother spawn strains,fruiting tests in an artificial climate chamber,and verification experiments conducted in field cultivation.The findings will serve as a foundation for future cultivation practices.[Methods]Ten commercial strains of Morchella sextelata were used.The growth characteristics,including mycelial growth rate and biomass,were measured in both stock culture and mother spawn media.The conditions of mycelial growth and sclerotia during the fruiting process were observed using artificial climate chambers under three temperature modes.Furthermore,the fresh weight of individual mushrooms,pileus length,pileus diameter,yield,and other agronomic traits were documented from field cultivation experiments.[Results]Significant differences were observed among the strains in the stock culture and mother spawn media,and fruiting tests.By assigning scores to each of the three experiments and summing them up,the strains AK,G8 and JYN emerged as the highest-scoring candidates,suggesting their potential for superior yield.Field validation results showed that the strains AK,G8 and JYN performed outstandingly in terms of yield,fresh weight of individual mushrooms,and pileus length,which are consistent with the predicted results.[Conclusion]An early evaluation system of the quality of morel mushroom strains can be conducted based on the comprehensive performance of growth characteristics of the stock culture and mother spawn strains,and fruiting tests in an artificial climate chamber.This provides technical support for strain selection and quality evaluation in practical production.

关 键 词：六妹羊肚菌 生长特性 原基密度 田间栽培 

分 类 号：S646.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]