论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子:涡旋电磁波量子辐射  

The Vortex Electron and Radiated Vortex Photon of Electromagnetic Wave:Vortex Microwave Photon Radiation

作　　者：王哲远 张超[1] WANG Zhe-yuan;ZHANG Chao(Laboratory of Avionics,School of Aerospace Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院航空宇航电子系统实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《电子学报》2024年第5期1460-1468,共9页Acta Electronica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.61731011)。

摘　　要：回旋电子辐射涡旋电磁波量子的理论模型是量子态涡旋电磁波技术的关键.本文为“论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子”的第二部分,建立“涡旋电磁波量子辐射”相关理论模型.电子通过能级跃迁能够辐射单个携带内禀OAM(Orbital Angular Momentum)的电磁波量子.为了给出这一辐射机理,推导了非相对论和相对论效应中电子在朗道能级的跃迁概率.由于非相对论效应中朗道能级与内禀OAM模态值的线性关系,电子无论以何种初始状态跃迁都只能辐射平面波量子.相对论效应情况正好相反,可以得到丰富内禀OAM模态值的电磁波量子.在实际工程上,可用特定回旋装置作为产生单个涡旋电磁波量子的辐射源;模态选择上,根据不同内禀OAM模态间具有频率差的特性,利用虹膜嵌入式波导滤波器进行频率筛选,同时选择出特定内禀OAM模态的电磁波量子.最后分析强调了量子态和统计态涡旋电磁波的差异,以及二者在无线传输应用时的优缺点.The theoretical model of cyclotron electron to radiate vortex microwave photons is crucial for the technology of quantum state vortex electromagnetic wave.This paper is the second part of“The Vortex Electron and Vortex Microwave Photon”series,which establishes the theoretical model related to the“Vortex Microwave Photon Radiation”.The radiation by energy level transition of electrons can generate a single microwave photon carrying IOAM(Intrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum).Aiming to clarify this radiation mechanism,the probabilities of Landau energy level transition in nonrelativistic and relativistic effects are deduced.Because of the linear relationship between the Landau energy level and the IOAM in the non-relativistic effect,the electron can only radiate the plane wave photons regardless of the initial state of the transition.It is opposed to the relativistic effect,where the microwave photon with rich IOAM modes values can be obtained.This paper also points out that in practical engineering,some cyclotron devices can be used as radiation sources.For mode selection,according to the characteristic of the frequency distinction between different IOAM modes,the iris-embedded waveguide filters can be used for frequency selection.At the same time,the microwave photons of specific IOAM modes can be selected.This paper concludes with a discussion of the quantum and statistical state vortex electromagnetic waves which reveals the corresponding pro and con in wireless communications.

关 键 词：能级跃迁辐射 涡旋电子 内禀OAM 辐射概率 相对论效应 波导滤波器 涡旋电磁波量子 

分 类 号：TN91[电子电信—通信与信息系统] O562[电子电信—信息与通信工程]