泄洪洞挑流鼻坎体型优化及下游冲刷试验  

Optimization of Spillway Tunnel Bucket and River Erosion Experiment

作　　者：史蝶 贺翠玲[1,4] 刘少斌 李鹏峰[1,5] 荆海晓 SHI Die;HE Cuiling;LIU Shaobin;LI Pengfeng;Jing Haixiao(PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi'an 710065,China;State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China;"Four Main Bodies and One Combination"Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration of Rivers and Lakes in Shaanxi Province,Xi'an 710065,China;Shaanxi Water Ecological Environment Engineering Technology Research Center,Xi'an 710065,China;High Slope and Geological Disaster Research and Treatment Sub-center under National Energy and Hydropower Engineering Technology Research and Development Center,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,西安710065 [2]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [3]陕西省河湖生态保护与修复“四主体一联合”工程技术研究中心,西安710065 [4]陕西省水生态环境工程技术研究中心,西安710065 [5]国家能源水电工程技术研发中心高边坡与地质灾害研究治理分中心,西安710065

出　　处：《西北水电》2024年第3期61-66,88,共7页Northwest Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51909211);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2019JQ-744);西安市科技计划项目(23GXFW0050)。

摘　　要：某水电站泄洪放空洞与下游河道斜交,挑流鼻坎与所在位置河道右岸边坡距离较近,采用常规正向挑流鼻坎,会出现小流量跌流,大流量冲砸本岸,危害鼻坎基础及右岸边坡稳定。基于此,通过建立比尺为1∶35的水工模型,研究适用于泄洪放空洞与河道斜交且泄洪口靠近右岸边坡布置的新型挑流鼻坎结构。试验结果表明:斜鼻坎对解决右岸边坡淘刷严重的问题效果更佳,不管是常遇洪水还是小频率洪水情况,斜鼻坎右侧弧墙将水流翻卷后导向河床中间,竖向大幅拉伸,水舌落点远离右岸岸坡,有利于下游河道消能防冲。该研究可对实际水利工程中相似地形的鼻坎体型提供借鉴。The spillway of a hydropower station intersects diagonally with the downstream river channel,and the distance between the flip bucket and the right bank slope of the river channel is relatively close.Using a conventional forward flip bucket will generate small flow drop,and large flow will impact the bank,endangering the foundation of the flip bucket and the stability of the right bank slope.Based on this,this study establishes a hydraulic model with a scale of 1∶35 to study a new type of flip bucket structure suitable for the oblique intersection of flood discharge cavities and river channels,and the layout of flood discharge outlets near the right bank slope.The experimental results show that the inclined nose bucket has a better effect on solving the serious problem of scouring on the right bank slope.Whether it is in the case of frequent floods or low frequency floods,the right arc wall of the inclined nose bucket flips the water flow and guides it towards the middle of the riverbed,vertically stretching it significantly.The water tongue landing point is far away from the right bank slope,which is beneficial for energy dissipation and erosion prevention in downstream rivers.This study has reference significance for the selection of nose shaped ridges with similar terrains in actual hydraulic projects.

关 键 词：消能防冲 挑流鼻坎 模型试验 舌形鼻坎 斜鼻坎 

分 类 号：TV131.61[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]