越南战争时期约翰逊政府的军事动员与效果  

Military Mobilization and Effectiveness of the Johnson Administration during the Vietnam War

作　　者：王丽 Wang Li

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学马克思主义学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2024年第2期104-118,I0003,共16页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新民主主义革命时期中国共产党的国际形象建构研究”(编号:21XKS011);云南省兴滇人才“青年人才”项目。

摘　　要：越南战争是冷战时期美国实施的代价最高昂的海外军事干预行动。为保障战争升级战略,约翰逊政府通过兵员征召政策和军人保障政策调动青年积极参军入伍。同时亦通过演讲、宣传册、新闻报道等途径,把美国描绘成“维护国家安全”“维护国际秩序”和“捍卫自由”的斗士。上述举措在激发美国青年的爱国热情和参战热情,增进美国民众对越南战争政策心理认同的同时,也存在过度美化美国国家形象、夸大美国军事行动的正义性等问题。其所塑造的越南战争形象亦与真实的情况不符,尤其是当美军在越南的个人经历与其宣传话语发生冲突后,政府的战争宣传效果大打折扣,严重影响了美国政府与民众对战争的支持,导致约翰逊政府的战争升级战略难以为继。The Vietnam War was the costliest U.S.military intervention overseas during the Cold War.In order to safeguard the escalation strategy,the Johnson administration mobilized young people to enlist in the military through conscription and military security policies,and at the same time portrayed the United States as a champion of"national security,"international order,"and"defending freedom"through speeches,pamphlets,and news reports.While the initiatives stimulated the patriotic passion of American youth and their enthusiasm to participate in the war,and enhanced the American public's psychological recognition of the Vietnam War policy,there were also problems of over-glorification of the U.S.national image and exaggeration of the righteousness of U.S.military actions.When its image of the Vietnam War did not correspond to the real situation,especially when the U.S.military's personal experience in Vietnam conficted with its propaganda discourse,the effect of the government's propaganda on the war was greatly reduced,and seriously affected the support for the war by the U.S.government and the public,which made the Johnson administration's strategy of escalating the war unsustainable.

关 键 词：越南战争 兵员征召 民众应征 战争宣传 

分 类 号：E712[军事—军事理论] D771.2[政治法律—政治学]