大兴安岭火烧迹地天然次生林土壤微生物生物量及酶活性特征研究  

Characteristics of Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities in Different Types of Natural Secondary Forest in the Burned Area of Daxingt′an Mountains

作　　者：王春辉 满秀玲[1] 李海兴 WANG Chunhui;MAN Xiuling;LI Haixing(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《森林工程》2024年第4期88-97,共10页Forest Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2021YFD2200405)。

摘　　要：探究火烧迹地植被恢复过程中土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的变化规律,为火烧迹地森林恢复途径选择及恢复成效评价提供科学依据。以大兴安岭重度火烧迹地落叶松母树-白桦林(MB)、林下抚育-白桦林(FB)、无干扰白桦林(BB)3种不同类型的白桦林为研究对象,落叶松人工林(LL)为对照,测定0~5、5~10、10~20 cm土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)和脲酶(URE)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、蔗糖酶(SUC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果表明,1)土壤MBC、MBN含量变化为239.16~852.09 mg/kg和37.08~114.99 mg/kg,除10~20 cm土层外MBC、MBN含量由大到小依次为MB、FB、LL、BB。2)MB土壤ACP、CAT和URE活性最高,FB的ACP、SUC、CAT活性均值要高于LL,BB的URE、ACP活性均值低于LL。3)冗余分析表明,0~5 cm土层土壤SOC、SAP、MBN对土壤酶活性的解释率达到了46.8%、24.9%和4.5%,5~10 cm土层土壤NO-3-N、pH、MBC的解释率分别为61.8%、11.4%和4.0%。10~20 cm土层土壤NO-3-N、pH、TN的解释率为53.3%、14.7%和12.4%。研究表明火后保留具有繁殖能力的树木作为母树恢复森林和及时森林抚育管理对土壤微生物生物量和酶活性具有促进作用。Studying the variation patterns of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity during the vegetation recovery processes of burned areas,providing a scientific basis for reforestation approaches and effectiveness assessment in burned forests.The three distinct types of Larix gmelinii seed tree-Betula platyphylla forests(MB),understory nursery-Betula platyphylla forests(FB),and Betula platyphylla forests(BB)in the severely burned areas in Daxing′an Mountains were selected as the research objects,with Larix gmelinii plantation(LL)served as a control.The soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),and the activities of urease(URE),acid phosphatase(ACP),sucrase(SUC),and catalase(CAT)at depths of 0-5,5-10,and 10-20 cm were measured.Results showed that:1)The variations in soil MBC and MBN ranged from 239.16 to 852.09 mg/kg and 37.08 to 114.99 mg/kg,respectively.The order of MBC and MBN content was MB>FB>LL>BB,except for the 10-20 cm soil layer.2)The activities of ACP,CAT,and URE were highest in MB.In FB,the average activities of ACP,SUC,and CAT were higher than those in LL,while the average activities of URE and ACP in BB were lower than those in LL.3)Redundancy analysis showed that the interpretation rates of soil enzyme activities reached 46.8%,24.9%and 4.5%for 0-5 cm SOC,SAP and MBN,and 61.8%,11.4%and 4.0%for NO-3-N,pH and MBC in 5-10 cm soil layer.The interpretation rates of NO-3-N,pH and TN in 10-20 cm soil layer were 53.3%,14.7%and 12.4%,respectively.Retaining trees with reproductive capacity as seed trees after a wildfire and implementing timely nurturing management have a positive promoting effect on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity,contributing to the recovery of vegetation in burned areas.

关 键 词：火烧迹地 天然次生林 人工林 土壤微生物生物量 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学] S153