镍基单晶涡轮叶片定向凝固过程温度场数值模拟研究进展  

Research Progress on Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field during Directional Solidification of Nickel-based Single Crystal Turbine Blades

作　　者：孙佳怡 董龙沛 赵云松[2] 王恩会 侯新梅[1] Sun Jiayi;Dong Longpei;ZHao Yunshon;Wang Enhui;Hou Xinmei(Institute for Carbon Neutrality,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory,Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials,Beijing 100095,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学碳中和研究院,北京100083 [2]北京航空材料研究院先进高温结构材料重点实验室,北京100095

出　　处：《特殊钢》2024年第4期34-40,共7页Special Steel

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3404500);国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(No.52025041);国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.52174294)。

摘　　要：作为先进航空发动机不可缺少的核心部件之一,镍基单晶涡轮叶片(简称单晶叶片)的空心结构尺寸精度、合金元素的分布均匀性和表面及内腔冶金质量等要求极为苛刻。研究发现,定向凝固过程中温度梯度的控制直接影响单晶叶片性能和质量,能否持续获得稳定热流成为定向凝固技术的关键。随着计算机技术的不断进步,数值模拟已经成为单晶叶片定向凝固研究的重要手段之一。首先,对单晶叶片制备技术进行了介绍,分析了定向凝固过程中的传热方式。其次,总结了数值模拟界面换热系数边界条件的优化方法,重点介绍了Beck非线性估算法和有限差分法在界面换热系数求解中的应用,证明了两种方法均可以对铸件/型壳间的界面换热系数进行求解,有效提升了温度场模拟的准确性。最后,对定向凝固过程温度场数值模拟的研究进展进行了追踪,总结归纳出了工艺参数对温度场的影响规律。基于对镍基单晶涡轮叶片定向凝固过程温度场数值模拟研究进展的分析,提出了定向凝固工艺优化方向以及相关技术后续的发展趋势,以促进单晶涡轮叶片的高质量研发。As one of the indispensable core components of advanced aero-engine,nickel-based single crystal turbine blades(hereinafter referred to as single-crystal blades)have extremely demanding requirements in terms of dimensional accuracy of the hollow structure,uniformity of alloying element distribution,and metallurgical quality of the surface and inner cavity.It is found that the control of temperature gradient during directional solidification directly affects the performance and quality of single crystal blades,and whether the continuous acquisition of stable heat flow becomes the key of directional solidification.With the continuous progress of computer technology,numerical simulation has become one of the important methods of single crystal blade directional solidification research.Firstly,introduce the single crystal blade technology is introduced and the heat transfer method in the directional solidification process is then analyzed.Secondly,the optimization methods of boundary conditions of interfacial heat transfer coefficient for numerical simulation are summarized,focusing on the application of Beck's inverse method and finite difference method in the solution of interfacial heat transfer coefficient.The results proves that the two methods can be used to solve the interfacial heat transfer coefficient between castings/shells,where the accuracy of the simulation of the temperature field can be effectively improved.Finally,the research progress of numerical simulation of the temperature field during directional solidification is also traced,and the influence of process parameters on the temperature field is summarized.Based on the analysis of the research progress of numerical simulation of temperature field during directional solidification of nickel-based single crystal turbine blades,the optimization direction of the directional solidification process and the subsequent development trend of the related technology are proposed to promote the research and development process of single crystal turbine blades.

关 键 词：镍基单晶涡轮叶片 定向凝固 数值模拟 温度场 界面换热系数 

分 类 号：TG249.5[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]