海洋石油开采中钻井泵变频调速修正控制方法  

Control Method for Variable Frequency Speed Correction of Drilling Pumps in Offshore Oil Extraction

作　　者：陈胜根 CHEN Sheng-gen(China Oilfield Services Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中海油田服务股份有限公司

出　　处：《化工自动化及仪表》2024年第4期681-685,741,共6页Control and Instruments in Chemical Industry

摘　　要：海洋石油钻井泵目前广泛使用的是三缸单作用往复泵(简称三缸泵)。三缸泵虽然在压力和流量上基本满足现代海洋石油开采的需要,但是其采用曲柄连杆机构驱动,存在重量大、流量波动大、效率低、功能部件寿命短等缺点,通常采用恒定转速运行,无法根据实际工况需求进行调整,容易导致频率控制失稳。为此,提出一种海洋石油钻井泵自动变频调试方法。通过对钻井泵提升过程的转速变化进行分析,建立矢量分析数据,以判断变频控制要素。根据石油钻井泵电机的额定输出功率来确定最大消耗功率频率,通过匹配电机功率和泵轴功率的关系来调节变频控制要素,以实现频率最大化。利用相似定律和经验值估算法进行频率变化修正,确保钻机在最佳频率范围内运行。实验结果表明:所提方法能够有效实现钻井泵的变频调速,保证海洋石油钻井作业的稳定运行。The offshore drilling widely adopts three-cylinder single-acting reciprocating pump,which basically meets offshore oil extraction in terms of the pressure and flow.This pump driven by a crank-link mechanism-driven has disadvantages like the large weight and flow fluctuations and the low efficiency and shorter service life of functional components.Usually,the three-cylinder pump operates at constant speed and fails to be regulated according to the actual working condition and it easily leads to the instability of frequency control.In this case,a regulating method for the offshore drilling pump’s automatic frequency conversion was proposed.Through analyzing the speed change of the drilling pump’s lifting process,the vector analysis data was established to judge variable frequency control elements.In addition,having the rated output power of the drilling pump’s motor based to determine the maximum consumption power frequency was implemented,including matching the relationship between the motor power and the pump shaft power to regulate the frequency control elements so as to maximize the frequency,and making use of both similar law and the empirical value estimation method to correct the frequency change so as to ensure that the rig can run in the optimal frequency range.The experimental results show that,the proposed method can effectively regulate the frequency conversion speed of the drilling pump and ensure a stable operation of the offshore drilling.

关 键 词：修正控制 频率失稳 变频调速 压频比 钻井泵 海洋石油 

分 类 号：TH17[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]