何以千差万别:关于行政执法权下放的观察与反思  

What Makes the Differences:Observations and Reflections on the Decentralization of Administrative Enforcement Power

作　　者：陈明辉 Chen Ming-hui

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院

出　　处：《理论与改革》2024年第4期84-100,176,共18页Theory and Reform

基　　金：中国社会科学院—上海市人民政府上海研究院交办项目“长三角地区一体化行政执法协作机制研究”(2023jb023)。

摘　　要：行政执法权下放是一项系统工程。由于各地经济发展水平不同,行政执法权下放改革呈现出巨大的地域差异。在下放清单的制定主体方面,就有省级人民政府决定下放清单、地级市人民政府决定下放清单和县级人民政府制定下放清单这三种模式。在下放事项的范围方面,经济发达地区下放的数量明显高于其他地区。城管综合执法事项的多少、执法事项的专业程度、街乡的承接能力和职能部门的执法能力都会对执法权下放的范围产生影响。授权、委托和派驻是执法权下放的主要方式。这三种下放方式各有其最佳适用场景,执法权下放改革应当因地制宜,不宜一刀切地将某种方式作为标杆。在人财物配套方面,少有地方能做到人随事转,执法经费欠缺、执法物资保障不足均是相当突出的问题。行政执法权下放改革的千差万别是我国地域发展不平衡的结果,下一步改革应充分尊重地区差异,尽可能地给予地方政府较为充分的自主空间。Due to the different levels of economic development in different places,the reform of decentralization of administrative law enforcement power shows great geographical differences.Authorization,entrustment and posting are the main modes of decentralization of law enforcement powers.Each of these three modes of decentralization has its own optimal application scenario,and the reform of decentralization of law enforcement should be tailored to local conditions.In terms of human,financial and material support,few places have been able to achieve the transfer of human resources with matters,and the lack of funding for law enforcement and insufficient safeguards for law enforcement are quite prominent problems.The wide variety of reforms in the decentralization of administrative law enforcement power is a result of the imbalance in China’s regional development,and the next reform should fully respect regional differences and give local governments as much room for autonomy as possible.

关 键 词：行政执法权 权力清单 行政执法体制 基层治理 基层治理体系 治理现代化 

分 类 号：DF31[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]