美国战略学术界对“全球南方”的认知与辩论  

The US Strategic and Academic Communities on the Global South:Perceptions and Debates

作　　者：赵建伟[1] Zhao Jianwei

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际战略研究院,北京100871

出　　处：《国际论坛》2024年第4期65-86,157,共23页International Forum

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(项目号:22JJD810035)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：俄乌冲突爆发后,美国战略学术界出现讨论“全球南方”的热潮。其中,“全球南方”概念、使用情境及战略运用成为议论焦点。对于“全球南方”概念的迅速复兴,一些人排斥且强调谨慎对待,另一些人则接受并主张创造性使用。美国战略学术界主要从六个层面探讨“全球南方”的使用情境。在传统安全领域,“全球南方”成为美国拉拢的对象,正逐步获得更多的战略自主权;在非传统安全领域,“全球南方”是利益受损的集体,但其影响力逐渐增强;在地区秩序层面,“全球南方”被视为中国和印度争夺地区领导权的竞技场;在全球秩序层面,“全球南方”被看作是中俄与美西方争夺的焦点。在地缘政治经济层面,“全球南方”中的关键摇摆国家代表了国际格局中的重要力量。在意识形态与政治制度层面,“全球南方”是一个多元化的混合体。研究发现,美国战略学术界的辩论起始于现实政治的迫切性,服务于美国的战略需求;其认知兼具多样性与局限性,具有强烈的地缘政治倾向;其主流观点在美国外交政策实践中获得认可,未来可能会提出更具挑战性的观点和方案。面对美国对“全球南方”采取的新攻势,中国须深化对“全球南方”的认知,避免陷入美方设定的议题陷阱,进一步明确本国的国际定位,并坚定地同“全球南方”站在一起,不断为“全球南方”的发展与合作注入强大动力。Following the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,renewed interest in the Global South(GS)has emerged within US strategic and academic communities.Their discussions center on the definition of the GS as a concept,settings for its usage,and its strategic utility.Some adopt rather aversive attitudes and advocate a cautious approach to the concept’s swift resurgence while others embrace it and promote its creative use.The US strategic and academic communities analyze the GS across six dimensions.In traditional security,the GS is increasingly gaining strategic autonomy despite US efforts to woo them.In non-traditional security,the GS’s influence continues to grow although its interests as a group have been undermined.At the regional level,the GS is perceived as an arena where China and India compete for leadership.Within the context of the global order,the GS is seen as a prize contested by China and Russia on one side and the US and its Western allies on the other.In terms of geopolitics and geoeconomics,key swing states in the GS are recognized as significant forces in the global balance of power.Ideologically and politically,the GS represents a diverse amalgam.Discussions within the US strategic and academic communities are driven by urgent realpolitik needs and seek to advance US strategic interests.While their perspectives on the GS reflect both diversity and limitations,they all come with a strong geopolitical bent.Since their prevailing views have gained acceptance in US foreign policy circles,they may come up with perspectives and proposals that are more challenging to China in the future.Faced with America’s new offensive in the GS,China needs to respond cautiously.It should deepen its understanding of the GS,so as to avoid traps in potentially misleading American narratives,further clarify its international positioning,and stand firmly with the GS.China should continuously inject strong impetus into the development and cooperation of the GS.

关 键 词：美国战略学术界 全球南方 地缘政治 全球秩序 国家安全 

分 类 号：D51[政治法律—政治学]