《大清一统志》中的“大一统”书写  

On the Writing of"Da Yi Tong"in Da Qing Yi Tong Zhi

作　　者：陶佳玲 李国荣[2] Tao Jjialing;Li Guorong

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学马克思主义学院,北京100089 [2]中国第一历史档案馆,北京100006

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2024年第3期88-95,共8页Journal of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：清前期康熙、乾隆、嘉庆三部《大清一统志》的纂修昭示了“大一统”之盛,且采用“分野”与“暑度”两种方式书写“大一统”的疆域。康熙初修《一统志》使用“分野”来书写传统“诸夏”以外的边疆地区,突破了传统的九州中国观。乾隆朝续修《一统志》,特设“西域新疆统部”,成为昭示“大一统”的鲜明标识。但就书写方式而言,受这一时期分野到馨度转变的影响,乾隆《一统志》并未把分野使用在“西域新疆统部”上,这在很大程度上表明清朝已不再满足于模糊的天下观,而是注重追求清晰的疆域实体。嘉庆《一统志》绘制出“皇舆全图”,并使用馨度书写“新疆统部”和“乌里雅苏台统部”,其他省区仍沿用分野,共同完成了对整个国家疆域版图的书写。As the last dynasty in China,one of the Qing Dynastys'outstanding contributions to"da yi tong(大一统)"was the realization of the unity of territory.During Kangxi,Qianlong and Jiaqing period,the compilation and revision of the three Da Qing Yi Tong Zhi(《大清一统志》;the chorography of the Qing Dynasty)demonstrated the prosperity of"da yi tong",in which,two terms,"fenye(分野)"and"guidu(暑度)",were used in the writing of territory.In the early years of Kangxi reign,"fenye"was used in the writing of border areas,which did not belong to the traditional zhuxia(诸夏).This was a breakthrough to the traditional geographic concept of jiuzhou(九州).After the unification of Xinjiang during Qianlong period,a special Xiyu Xinjiang Tongbu(西域新疆统部)"was added into the new chorography,which became a distinctive symbol of"da yi tong"'.However,in terms of writing,due to the influence of the transition from"fenye"'to"guidu",Yi Tong Zhi of Qianlong period did not use the former into the"Xiyu Xinjiang Tongbu',which indicated that the Qing Dynasty was no longer satisfied with the vague concept of tianxia(天下),but pursued clear boundaries.Yi Tong Zhi of Jiaqing period drew the"Huangyu Quantu(皇奥全图)",and used"guidu"in"Xinjiang Tongbu"and"Uliastai Tongbu",while continuously used"fenye"on other provinces and regions.In the process of writing of the borders,the three"Da Qing Yi Tong Zhi"'constructed the concept of"da yi tong"of the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：《大清一统志》 边疆 分野 暑度 书写 “大一统” 

分 类 号：K204[历史地理—历史学]