行状审覆及其请谥功能的实现  

On the Role of Xingzhuang in Requesting Posthumous Titles

作　　者：杨向奎[1] 郭金斌 Yang Xiangkui;Guo Jinbin

机构地区：[1]石河子大学文学艺术学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2024年第3期96-103,共8页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“中国古代行状文体研究”(项目编号:18XZW010)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：南北朝时期,司徒和尚书共同负责对私撰行状的审覆,根据对公撰行状审覆的惯例,司徒是此时审覆的主要承担者。随着“纤介之迹,皆属考功”时代的到来,行状的审覆权改由吏部考功来行使。纵观各代对行状的审覆,总体趋势是愈来愈严,为了保证内容的真实性,统治者采取了很多措施。审覆后的行状是拟谥、议谥、覆议的重要依据,有时可能会被强调到绝对的程度,但谥号的拟定却不会完全采用行状的记录,还要参考未记入行状的状主事迹。正常情况下,古人一直在朝着“定谥准行,必当其迹”的方向努力。行状所书内容要受到相关机构和个人的监督和影响。In the Northern and Southern Dynasties,situ(司徒)and shangshu(尚书)were jointly responsible for the review of private xingzhuang(行状;a brief biography of a deceased person).According to the convention,situ was the main responsible person for this work at that time.As time went on,libu(吏部;the Ministry of Personnel)got the authority of reviewing xingzhuang for merit examination.The overall trend of the censorship of xingzhuang was increasingly strict,multiple measures have been conducted to ensure its authenticity.Reviewed xingzhuang served as an important basis for discussing posthumous titles,even could be absolutely emphasized sometimes.Nevertheless,posthumous titles did not involve all deeds recorded in xingzhuang,only the mainly part was taken under consideration.Generally speaking,people pursued on the correspondence between one's deeds and his posthumous title.The content and application of xingzhuang was supervised and influenced by relevant institutions and individuals,the will of relatives and friends of the departed had only limited impact.

关 键 词：行状 请谥 审覆 议谥 定谥 

分 类 号：K206.3[历史地理—历史学]