明清御史升转制度的演变及其实质——“清更明制”在整饬言路上的体现  

On the Evolution and Essence of the Promotion System of the Imperial Censors in Ming and Qing Dynasties——The Embodiment of"Qing Geng Ming Zhi"in Rectifying the Expostulation Access

作　　者：黄宇嘉 Huang Yujia

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2024年第3期104-112,共9页Journal of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：对于明清的政治制度,以往的研究多以“清承明制”进行概括。实际上,清代虽表面沿袭明代制度,但在“清承明制”的显象下,却潜藏着“清更明制”的暗流,这其中的重要体现,就是明清御史升转制度的演变。出于对明代“嚣张”的言路进行整伤的目的,清帝虽沿用明代御史升转之制,但对其升迁速度、前景进行限制。因此,清代御史不再像明代御史一样不畏强权,敢于与皇帝、高官争是非,而是“安分静守”、碌碌无为。这种对御史的整饬措施,一方面对中国传统的监察权造成打击,另一方面使君权摆脱了来自监察机构的制约,是清代君主专制空前加强的又一重要表征。For the evolution of political system in Ming and Qing Dynasties,previous studies mostly emphasized the inherited relationship between the two dynasties(清承明制").However,although Qing Dynasty superficially inherited the political system of Ming Dynasty,there was also an undercurrent of transformation("清更明制").The changing of promotion system of imperial censors in Qing dynasty has gave us a good example on this issue.For the purpose of rectifying the arrogant expostulation access(vanlu;言路)in Ming Dynasty,Qing emperors limited the speed and prospect of imperial censors'promotion.Therefore,imperial censors of Qing Dynasty lost the impetus and capacity to argue with emperors and high-ranking officials.This rectification measure seriously damaged the traditional supervisory power,and made monarchical power get rid of the restriction from supervisory institutions,which was an important symbol of the unprecedented strengthening of autocratic monarchy in Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：清更明制 御史 升迁制度 整饬言路 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]