雅安茶神吴理真来处的神话母题变异  

On the Variations of the Mythological Motif of the Tea God Wu Lizhen's Origin in Ya'an

作　　者：邱硕 Qiu Shuo

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院文学研究所,四川成都610071

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2024年第3期137-148,共12页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：乐山市社会科学重点研究基地西南民间非遗研究中心2024年度重点项目“巴蜀茶神神话与川渝茶产业发展研究”(项目编号:SW24B001)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：四川雅安茶神吴理真的神话中,其来处母题经历了三种不同表述,因应着各个时代的社会文化语境。在古代佛教文化和茶业经济影响下,吴理真的岭表外来说源自原型人物外来以及宋代以降蒙茶衰落和建茶兴盛的事实。明末到民国时期,经由四川民间“唐僧西天取经与神物诞生”类型歌谣的渗透,吴理真的来处变为“西域”“天竺”“印度”。在当代商品经济的支配下,吴理真籍贯问题凸显,为了赢取市场和社会更深的认同,雅安人将其表述为雅安本地人。此个案研究说明,神话学的神话主义研究,需贯通历史和当下,认识到人们对神话的改造和传衍贯穿于人类社会始终,神话主义只是其中一个激烈阶段。The origin of Wu Lizhen,the tea god in Ya'an,Sichuan,has been expressed in three different ways,corresponding to the social and cultural contexts of different era.Under the influence of ancient Buddhist culture and tea economy,the expression that Wu Lizhen came from South of the Five Ranges(Lingnan;岭南)originated from its archetypal characters,as well as the economic situation that Meng Tea was declined while the Jian Tea was thriving since the Song Dynasty.From the mid-Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China period,under the influence of a certain type of Sichuan folk songs,which narrated the story of"Tang Monk fetched Buddhist scriptures from the Western Paradise and the birth of divine objects",Wu Lizhen's origin changed into the"Western Regions"""Tianzhu(天竺)""India",Under the situation of contemporary commodity economy,the issue of Wu Lizhen's native place has become very important.In order to win deeper recognition in the market and society,local people described him as a native of Ya'an.Mythology researches should examine the phenomenon of mythologism with a historical insight,realize that the transformation and reproduction of myths have been occurring all the time,and the phenomenon of mythologism is only an intense phases of it.

关 键 词：茶神 吴理真 蒙顶茶 神话主义 神话母题 

分 类 号：K892[历史地理—民俗学]