我国气候变化诉讼的模式选择  

Model Selection for Climate Change Litigation in China

作　　者：李华琪 Li Huaqi

机构地区：[1]河海大学法学院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2024年第2期126-135,共10页Jingchu Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“民法典实施中绿色条款的法律适用研究”(项目编号:21CFX046)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国尚未出现典型的气候变化诉讼,司法实践主要围绕气候变化相关议题的纠纷展开,表现为针对碳排放主体的民事诉讼和针对政府的行政诉讼。基于侵权规则的损害赔偿诉讼仍面临着侵权可诉性难、侵权因果关系认定难、诉讼规制效果不佳等法律障碍。相比之下,针对政府提起的过程性监督诉讼才是气候变化诉讼的主流趋势。我国行政公益诉讼制度关注行政主体的履职情形,与温室气体排放的风险预防特性相契合,应当以此为切入点。在气候变化领域开展行政公益诉讼具有一定现实可能性,核心在于厘清行政权与司法权之关系,以过程性监督作为诉讼开展之重点,并与针对碳排放主体的民事诉讼形成互补。具体而言,应从立法层面对我国检察行政公益诉讼的适用范围、适用程序等内容作进一步拓展,使之契合气候治理的逻辑。Typical narrowly defined climate change litigation has not appeared in China.Current practice mainly focuses on disputes on issues related to climate change,including civil litiga-tions against carbon emission subjects and administrative litigations against the government.Tort litigations based on infringement rules still faceslegal obstacles such as the difficulty of ac-tionable infringement,the difficulty of determining the causality of infringement,and the poor effect of litigation regulation.In contrast,process supervision litigations against the government are the mainstream trend.China's administrative public interest litigation system pays attention to the performance of administrative behavior,which is in line with the risk prevention charac-teristics of greenhouse gas emissions,and should be taken as a starting point.There is a certain realistic possibility to carry out administrative public interest litigation in the field of climate change,the core is to clarify the relationship between administrative power and judicial power,to take process supervision as the focus of litigation,and to complement civil litigation against carbon emission subjects.Specifically,from the legislative level,the scope of application of procuratorial administrative public interest litigation,application procedures and other contents are further expanded,so as to fit the logic of climate governance.

关 键 词：气候变化诉讼 侵权规则 过程性监督 行政公益诉讼 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D925[政治法律—法学] D996.9