元宇宙中身体权私法保护的挑战及其应对  

Challenges and Responses to Private Law Protection of Bodily Rights in the Metaverse

作　　者：张池 Chi Zhang(School of Law,Beijing Normal University,Beijing)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京

出　　处：《法学（汉斯）》2024年第6期4163-4173,共11页Open Journal of Legal Science

摘　　要：随着区块链、扩展现实等技术的迅猛推进,元宇宙逐渐走向广阔的现实应用场景,同时也面临身体权主客体的错位问题。虚拟化身作为用户的“另类自我”不能够作为身体权主体,虹膜、指纹等元宇宙中广泛使用的身体信息暂未纳入身体权客体规管,但虚拟性骚扰、虚拟暴力等侵害却已经多次发生并有扩大趋势。原有的保护模式不能够适应新技术的需求,但新模式的建立仍然面临问题,虚拟化身可以买卖和转让的特性赋予其“财产”而非“物质性人格”的要素,去中心化的身份认证带来隐私安全和最小摩擦的价值互联网,但同样为不法行为者提供了荫庇和躲藏的空间,加密技术带来去中心化自治组织,创建共创、共享、共识、共治的分散化秩序,但也消解了平台方在侵权行为中本应承担的责任,让虚拟世界的追责更加困难。基于以上问题,参考德国、美国等已经开始论证或实施的做法,针对元宇宙中的身体权保护,应当以“法律+代码”的治理体系配合“走廊式”的治理模式,达成社区共识,同时,采用动态的、基于技术现状的虚拟化身的性质认证,确认其目前其为身体形式上的组成部分,作为身体权的客体维权;现状下要求平台以一定的中心化协议提供司法协助,基于解析协议等技术协议,综合考虑其侵权行为严重性对元宇宙侵权人采取禁言、封号或延伸至现实世界起诉的处理措施。With the rapid advancement of blockchain,extended reality and other technologies,the meta-verse is gradually moving towards a wide range of realistic application scenarios,but it also faces the problem of misalignment of the subject and object of bodily rights.Virtual avatars as users’“alter egos”cannot be the subject of bodily rights,and physical information widely used in the metaverse,such as iris and fingerprints,are not yet included in the regulation of bodily rights ob-jects,but virtual sexual harassment,virtual violence and other infringements have occurred many times and have a tendency to expand.The original protection model is not able to adapt to the needs of new technologies,but the establishment of a new model still faces problems.The charac-teristics of virtual avatars being purchasable and transferable endow them with the elements of"property"rather than“material personality”.The decentralized identity authentication brings privacy security and minimal friction to the value of the Internet,but also provides a space for wrongdoers to hide and shade,and the encryption technology brings decentralized autonomous organizations to create a decentralized order of co-creation,sharing,consensus,and co-rule,but also dissolves the responsibility that the platform party should bear in the infringement,making it more difficult to pursue responsibility in the virtual world.Based on the above problems,refer-ring to the practices that Germany and the U.S.have already started to demonstrate or implement,for the protection of bodily rights in the metaverse,we should use the governance system of“law+code”together with the“corridor”governance model to reach a community consensus.At the same time,a dynamic,state-of-the-art-based certification of the nature of the virtual avatars is used to confirm its current status as a formal component of the body,as an object of the right to the body;under the status quo,we should require platforms to provide judicial assistance with certain centralized agreements,

关 键 词：元宇宙 身体权 私法 虚拟化身 身体信息 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]