水稻黄华占背景选择导入系的耐低氮筛选评价与利用  

Screening,evaluation,and utilization of low nitrogen tolerance for the selected introgression lines in rice with Huanghuazhan background

作　　者：邵美红 赵玲玲 程楚 程思明 朱双兵 翟来圆 陈凯 徐建龙 SHAO Mei-Hong;ZHAO Ling-Ling;CHENG Chu;CHENG Si-Ming;ZHU Shuang-Bing;ZHAILai-Yuan;CHEN Kai;XU Jian-Long(Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Jiande,Hangzhou 311600,Zhejiang,China;Shenzhen Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518120,Guangdong,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572024,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]建德市农业技术推广中心,浙江杭州311600 [2]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心/中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所,广东深圳518210 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [4]三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院,海南三亚572024

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第8期1907-1919,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1000400)资助。

摘　　要：中低产田的氮素不足是制约水稻高产的重要因素,筛选和培育耐低氮品种是解决这一问题的有效途径之一。本研究利用种质资源导入黄华占背景培育的目标性状选择导入系群体,经连续3个季节在低氮和正常施氮条件下评价导入系的产量及其相关性状表现,发现低氮处理对导入系的抽穗期、结实率和千粒重影响最小,平均耐低氮指数均接近1;对单株产量和单株有效穗数的影响较大,平均耐低氮指数分别仅为0.45和0.62,认为单株产量和单株有效穗数是衡量水稻耐低氮性的有用指标。基于单株产量的耐低氮指数,从导入系群体中筛选出9份耐低氮株系,其单株产量的耐低氮指数变幅为0.87~1.04。对其中的5份进行多点品比验证,其中1份不具备耐低氮性,产量平均耐低氮指数为0.66,其余4份表现较强的耐低氮水平,产量平均耐低氮指数为0.94,表明耐低氮性具有个体和群体水平的差异,强调对分离群体中筛选出来的耐低氮材料进行群体水平验证的重要性。4份耐低氮株系中,M85耐低氮性主要通过在低氮条件下较高有效穗数和千粒重来实现,其余3份耐低氮株系(M382、M563和M79)则主要通过较多每穗实粒数和较高的千粒重来实现,提出在一定穗数基础上增加每穗实粒数是提高低氮条件下水稻产量的重要途径。结合选择导入系的苗期耐盐、成株期抗旱和全生育期耐低氮特性,对利用不同供体来源的选择导入系通过分子设计同步改良多个复杂抗逆性状进行了讨论。Nitrogen deficiency in medium-yield and low-yield fields is an important factor restricting the high yield in rice.It is one of effective ways to solve the problem by screening and developing rice variety with low nitrogen tolerance(LNT).In this study,the selected introgression lines(SILs)from germplasms in Huanghuazhan(HHZ)background were used to evaluate the performance of yield and its related traits under low and normal nitrogen conditions for successive three seasons.Low nitrogen had least effect on heading date,seed fertility,and 1000-grain weight(TGW)with the average low nitrogen tolerance index(LNTI)around 1.0,whereas had greatest effect on grain yield per plant(GYP)and panicle number per plant(PN)with the respective average LNTI of 0.45 and 0.62,indicating that GYP and PN were useful indicator of LNT.Based on LNTI of GYP,nine LNT lines were selected with LNTI ranging from 0.87 to 1.04.Five of the selected LNT lines verified by multiple-site trials,one line(M281)had low LNT with GYP-LNTI of 0.66 and the other four had high LNT with the average GYP-LNTI of 0.94,indicating that LNT was a characteristic with the differences at individual and population levels,thus emphasizing the importance of population verification for LNT materials which were screened from segregation population.Among the four LNT lines,M85 was mainly achieved by higher PN and TGW under low nitrogen condition,whereas the other three lines(M382,M563,and M79)were mainly supported by more filled grains per panicle(FGP)and higher TGW.Therefore,an important way was proposed to achieve high yield under low nitrogen condition through increasing FGP based on a relatively high PN.In view of salt tolerance at seedling stage,drought tolerance at reproductive stage and LNT at all growth duration of SILs,it was discussed how to simultaneously improve multiple complex abiotic stress tolerances using SILs derived from diverse donors by molecular design.

关 键 词：水稻 选择导入系 耐低氮 耐低氮指数 抗逆性改良 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]