滴灌条件下施氮量对不同氮效率水稻品种物质积累及养分吸收的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilization levels on matter accumulation and nutrient uptake in rice cultivar with different nitrogen efficiency under drip irrigation

作　　者：宋志文 赵蕾 毕俊国[2] 唐清芸 王国栋[3] 李玉祥 SONG Zhi-Wen;ZHAO Lei;BI Jun-Guo;TANG Qing-Yun;WANG Guo-Dong;LI Yu-Xiang(Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture,College of Agriculture,Shihezi University/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center,Shanghai 201106,China;Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture in Northwest Oasis/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [2]上海市农业生物基因中心,上海201106 [3]新疆农垦科学院/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室/水肥资源高效利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第8期2025-2038,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32360527,31460541);第三师图木舒克市科技计划项目(KJ2023CG03);石河子大学青年创新拔尖人才项目(CXBJ202003);石河子大学自主支持科研项目(ZZZC2022008)资助。

摘　　要：研究滴灌条件下施氮量对不同氮效率品种关键生育时期干物质积累和氮素吸收转运及产量的影响,为干旱半干旱区滴灌水稻高产高效生产提供技术参考。试验于2021—2022年开展,以氮高效品种(T-43)和氮低效品种(LX-3)为供试材料,采用裂区设计;设置4个施氮水平,分别为N0(0 kg hm^(-2))、N1(150 kg hm^(-2))、N2(300 kg hm^(-2))和N3(450 kg hm^(-2))。分析滴灌水稻在抽穗期和成熟期干物质积累、氮素吸收利用及产量对施氮量的响应差异。结果表明:(1)施用氮肥可以增加滴灌水稻干物质积累量(1.99%~26.02%)和氮素积累量(25.67%~97.69%),提高水稻产量(23.75%~66.75%);但过量施氮(450 kg hm^(-2))会减小对干物质积累的促进作用,导致结实率和穗粒数下降,使氮素主要集中在秸秆中,最终降低水稻对氮素的利用效率。(2)在同一施氮条件下,T-43的有效穗数、结实率、抽穗期叶片和穗部干物质及氮素积累量均高于LX-3(分别为1.65%~5.19%、0.42%~8.47%、7.61%~19.68%、19.81%~40.73%、19.81%~30.23%和20.14%~49.65%),最终产量高于LX-3(4.23%~28.47%)。(3)氮素利用效率对施氮量的响应存在品种间差异(P<0.05)。与LX-3相比,T-43有更高的氮肥农学利用效率、氮素回收率和氮肥偏生产力(分别高1.05%~25.23%、5.86%~20.05%和10.09%~18.01%)。综上所述,在滴灌栽培条件下,选用氮高效品种(T-43),配施300 kg hm^(-2)氮肥表现出更佳的氮素吸收转运能力和更高的产量,能更好地利用养分资源,是本试验最佳的品种和施氮量组合方式。The objective of this study is to explore the effects of nitrogen application levels on dry matter accumulation,nitrogen absorption and transport,and yield of rice varieties with different nitrogen efficiency during key growth stages under drip irrigation conditions,which can provide the technical reference for high-yield and efficient rice production under drip irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas.The experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2022,using high nitrogen efficient cultivar(T-43)and low nitrogen efficient cultivar(LX-3)as the test materials.The split zone design was conducted with four nitrogen application levels,namely N0(0 kg hm^(-2)),N1(150 kg hm^(-2)),N2(300 kg hm^(-2)),and N3(450 kg hm^(-2)).The differences in dry matter accumulation,nitrogen absorption and utilization,and yield response to nitrogen application in drip irrigated rice at heading and maturity stages were analyzed.The results showed as follows:(1)Applying nitrogen fertilizer can increase the dry matter accumulation(1.99%-26.02%)and nitrogen accumulation(25.67%-97.69%)of rice under drip irrigation,and increase rice yield(23.75%-66.75%).However,the excessive nitrogen application(450 kg hm^(-2))reduced the promoting effect on dry matter accumulation,leading to a decrease in seed setting rate and grain number per spike,mainly concentrating nitrogen in straw,ultimately reducing the nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice.(2)Under the same nitrogen application conditions,the effective number of panicles,seed setting rate,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in leaves and panicles of T-43 were higher than LX-3 by 1.65%-5.19%,0.42%-8.47%,7.61%-19.68%,19.81%-40.73%,19.81%-30.23%,and 20.14%-49.65%,respectively,and the final yield was higher than LX-3 by 4.23%-28.47%.(3)The response of nitrogen utilization efficiency varies among varieties at P<0.05.Compared with LX-3,T-43 had higher N Agronomic efficiency,N recovery efficiency,and N partial factor productivity higher by 1.05%-25.23%,5.86%-20.05%,and 10.09%-18.01%,respectively.In conclusion,und

关 键 词：滴灌水稻 氮效率品种 干物质积累 氮素积累 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]