干旱条件下深施肥对春小麦旗叶生态化学计量特征及其光合碳同化的影响  

Effects of deep fertilization on ecological stoichiometric characteristics and photosynthetic carbon assimilation of flag leaves of spring wheat under drought conditions

作　　者：梁进宇 尹嘉德 侯慧芝[2,3,4] 薛云贵 郭宏娟 王硕 赵绮志 张绪成 谢军红[1] LIANG Jin-Yu;YIN Jia-De;HOU Hui-Zhi;XUE Yun-Gui;GUO Hong-Juan;WANG Shuo;ZHAO Qi-Zhi;ZHANG Xu-Cheng;XIE Jun-Hong(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Institute of Dry Land Farming,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Dryland Agriculture in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [4]农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第8期2078-2090,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700);甘肃省科技计划项目(22JR5RA763,23JRRA1340,20JR10RA464);农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室2022年度开放基金资助。

摘　　要：深施肥能提高旱地作物的水肥利用效率,是作物增产的重要技术途径之一,但目前对其营养生理机制,尤其是从旗叶生态化学计量特征的角度缺乏系统研究分析。本研究采用桶栽定量控制试验的方法,在2021—2022年以‘陇春35号’为供试品种,设置30 cm深施肥(D30)、15 cm浅施肥(D15)和不施肥(CK)3个处理,研究不同处理对春小麦挑旗至灌浆期春小麦旗叶碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及生态化学计量特征(C/N、C/P、N/P)的影响,揭示春小麦旗叶养分含量及生态化学计量特征对旗叶SPAD值、Pn、地上部干物质积累、地上部生长速率、产量形成的影响。结果表明,灌浆期D30旗叶C/N值较D15和CK分别降低2.1%~6.4%、5.4%~10.2%;C/P值分别降低3.8%~5.2%、5.4%~6.0%;2021年N/P值分布提高1.4%和4.1%,2022年N/P值分别降低1.6%和0.2%。灌浆期D30旗叶SPAD值较D15和CK分别提高1.8%~6.5%、15.5%~18.2%;Pn分别提高21.6%~27.0%、28.5%~36.6%。扬花至灌浆期D30地上部生长速率较D15和CK分别提高22.1%~41.2%、68.4%~80.8%。成熟期D30地上部干物质积累量较D15和CK分别提高10.6%~11.1%;产量分别提高15.7%~16.0%、46.5%~49.3%。D30氮肥贡献率较D15提高46.6%~52.4%;氮肥偏生产力提高15.7%~16.0%;氮肥农学效率提高69.6%~76.7%。相关性分析表明,灌浆期春小麦旗叶C、N、P含量与旗叶SPAD值、Pn、地上部干物质积累呈正相关;旗叶生态化学计量特征与旗叶SPAD值、Pn、干物质积累呈负相关。因此,在干旱条件下30 cm深施肥通过提高春小麦挑旗至灌浆期旗叶C、N、P含量,延缓扬花期后旗叶N、P含量的降低,优化旗叶生态化学计量特征,降低N、P对春小麦旗叶光合作用的限制,提高春小麦旗叶Pn和地上部生长速率,并且延缓旗叶衰老,促进产量增加。Deep fertilization can improve the water and fertilizer use efficiency of dryland crops,which is one of the important technical ways to increase crop yield,but there is a lack of systematic research on its nutritional physiological mechanism,especially from the perspective of ecological stoichiometric characteristics of flag leaves.In this study,three treatments,30 cm deep fertilization(D30),15 cm shallow fertilization(D15)and no fertilization(CK)were conducted in 2021 and 2022 with‘Longchun 35’as the test cultivar.The effects of different treatments on the contents of carbon(C),nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and ecological stoichiometric characteristics(C/N,C/P,N/P)of spring wheat flag leaves from booting to filling stage were studied.The effects of nutrient content and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of flag leaves on SPAD value,Pn,shoot growth rate,dry matter accumulation,and yield formation of flag leaves in spring wheat were revealed.The results showed that the C/N value of D30 flag leaves at the grain filling stage was 2.1%−6.4%and 5.4%−10.2%lower than D15 and CK,respectively.The C/P values decreased by 3.8%−5.2%and 5.4%−6.0%,respectively.In 2021,the distribution of N/P values increased by 1.4%and 4.1%,and in 2022,the N/P values decreased by 1.6%and 0.2%,respectively.Compared with D15 and CK,the SPAD values of D30 flag leaves increased by 1.8%−6.5%and 15.5%−18.2%,respectively.Pn increased by 21.6%,27.0%,28.5%−36.6%,respectively.Compared with D15 and CK,the growth rate of D30 shoots increased by 22.1%−41.2%and 68.4%−80.8%,respectively.The dry matter accumulation of D30 at maturity stage increased by 10.6%−11.1%compared with D15 and CK,respectively.The output increased by 15.7%−15.9%and 46.5%−49.3%,respectively.The contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer in D30 increased by 46.6%−52.4%compared with D15.The partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 15.7%−16.0%.The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 69.6%−76.7%.Correlation analysis sho

关 键 词：春小麦 干旱 深施肥 生态化学计量特征 旗叶衰老 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]