长江流域迟播甘蓝型油菜播种期和播种量优化配置研究  

Optimal allocation of sowing date and sowing rate of late-sowing rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin

作　　者：娄洪祥 黄肖玉 江萌 宁宁 卞孟磊 张磊 罗东旭 秦梦倩 蒯婕 汪波[1] 王晶 赵杰 徐正华[1] 周广生[1] LOU Hong-Xiang;HUANG Xiao-Yu;JIANG Meng;NING Ning;BIAN Meng-Lei;ZHANG Lei;LUO Dong-Xu;QIN Meng-Qian;KUAI Jie;WANG Bo;WANG Jing;ZHAO Jie;XU Zheng-Hua;ZHOU Guang-Sheng(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Hubei Modern Agriculture Exhibition Center,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/湖北洪山实验室/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北省现代农业展示中心,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第8期2091-2105,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2023BBB028)资助。

摘　　要：为解决长江流域稻油茬口矛盾,提高冬闲田利用率,亟须迟播油菜(10月25日之后播种)配套技术研究。本研究以早熟品种‘华油杂137’为材料,在湖北武汉进行2年播种期(10月25日至11月15日间,各播种期间隔3 d,用S1~S8表示)和播种量(2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0和12.5 kg hm^(-2),用R1~R5表示)单因素试验,考察生育期、成苗动态、农艺性状、产量和倒伏指标,统计有效积温,通过线性回归和平滑曲线拟合分析,优化播种期和播种量的配置参数,为迟播油菜生产提供技术支撑。结果表明,(1)播种期推迟,迟播油菜的生育期缩短、根颈粗降低、分枝数减少、产量降低且茎秆倒伏指数增加;4个生育期中,苗期和花期有效积温与产量呈极显著正相关。(2)播种量增加,各生育期成苗数和收获密度提高,但生育期缩短、有效积温减少,角果层厚度降低、倒伏指数先降后增、产量呈先增后降趋势。(3)2年不同播种期产量数据回归分析表明,播种期推迟至S3~S4时,越冬前有效积温保持在317.1℃以上,苗期有效积温达401.1℃,终花35 d收获产量可达2700.0 kg hm^(-2),倒伏指数为1.5左右;2年不同播种量产量数据平滑曲线拟合分析表明,不同播种量下收获密度与产量呈抛物线关系,收获密度为64.2×10^(4)株hm^(-2)时终花35 d收获产量达峰值,为2948.5 kg hm^(-2),而倒伏指数为1.6。综上,配置7.5~10.0 kg hm^(-2)的播种量确保收获密度达64.2×10^(4)株hm^(-2),抢时播种确保冬前有效积温达317.1℃,可显著提高迟播油菜产量与抗倒性。To solve rice-rapeseed-stubble contradiction in the Yangtze River Basin and to improve the utilization rate of wintering idle field,it is urgent to carry out the research on supporting technologies for late-sowing rapeseed(sown after October 25).In this study,the early-maturing variety‘Huayouza 137’was used as the material,while two one-way experiment on sowing date(S1-S8,each sowing date was delayed by three days from October 25 to November 15)and sowing rate(R1-R5,2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,and 12.5 kg hm-2)was set in Wuhan,Hubei,in two years.The growth period,seedling dynamics,agronomic traits,the yield,and lodging related indexes were investigated.The effective accumulated temperature was counted.Linear regression and smooth curve fitting analysis were carried out.The allocation parameters of sowing date and sowing rate at late-sowing stage rapeseed were optimized,which provided technical support for the production of late-sowing rapeseed.The results showed as follows:(1)With the sowing date delaying,the growth period was shortened,the root neck diameter,the number of branches and yield was reduced,the lodging index was increased at late-sowing stage in rapeseed.Among the four growth periods of rapeseed,the effective accumulated temperature during seedling and flowering stage was positively correlated with the actual yield.(2)With the sowing rate increasing at late-sowing stage in rapeseed,the number of seedlings and the harvest density was increased,but the growth period was shortened,the total effective accumulated temperature and silique-layer thickness were decreased,lodging index was first decreased and then increased,and the yield showed a trend of the first increasing and then decreasing.(3)Regression analysis on the yield data of different sowing dates in two years was carried out.The results showed that the effective accumulated temperature before wintering and at seedling stage could be maintained above 317.1℃and 401.1℃,respectively,when the sowing date was postponed to S3-S4,and the yield of 35 days

关 键 词：迟播油菜 播种期 播种量 产量 抗倒性 有效积温 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]