怒江州“桃花汛”小时降水时空变化特征研究  

Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics of Hourly Precipitationduring "Peach Blossom Flood" in Nujiang Prefecture

作　　者：袁利平 汪靖 张万诚 杨朝梅[4] 邱发斌 鄢雨 YUAN Liping;WANG Jing;ZHANG Wancheng;YANG Chaomei;QIU Fabin;YAN Yu(Nujiang Prefecture Meteorological Office of Yunnan Province,Lushui 673199,China;Research Centre for Disastrous Weather in Hengduan Mountain and Low-Latitude Plateau CMA,Kunming 650034,China;Yunnan Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Kunming 650034,China;Wudang Meteorological Station of Guiyang City,Guiyang 550018,China;Weishan Meteorological Station of Yunnan Province,Weishan 672400,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省怒江州气象局,云南泸水673199 [2]中国气象局横断山区低纬高原灾害性天气研究中心,云南昆明650034 [3]云南省气象科学研究所,云南昆明650034 [4]贵州省贵阳市乌当区气象局,贵州贵阳550018 [5]云南省巍山县气象局,云南巍山672400

出　　处：《山地气象学报》2024年第3期56-63,共8页Journal of Mountain Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42075013);云南省气象局2023年度自筹科研项目(YZ202333):滇西北地区灾害性天气过程复盘总结;云南省气象局2024年度自筹科研项目(YZ202436):怒江州强降水分析及预报服务研究。

摘　　要：【目的】为研究云南省怒江州“桃花汛”降水的气候变化背景。【方法】利用2011—2020年1—5月怒江州4个国家气象站和25个乡镇气象站逐小时雨量数据,通过常规数理统计,详细分析了怒江州“桃花汛”小时降水的时空分布特征。【结果】怒江州“桃花汛”降水主要出现在贡山县和福贡县,泸水市西部和兰坪县西北部也有此天气现象。“桃花汛”雨量约占全年雨量的30%~60%。“桃花汛”降水量、降水时长、平均小时雨强、夜雨量等特征的空间分布差异显著,均为北多(强)南少(弱)、西多(强)东少(弱)。“桃花汛”累计降水量受降水时长和小时雨强共同影响,其中贡山、福贡受降水时长影响最大,雨强主要影响福贡和泸水的局部。“桃花汛”降水日变化主要表现为单峰单谷特征,峰值在下半夜,谷值在上午后期,夜雨占比为55%。“桃花汛”短、中、长和超长历时降水也呈北多南少、西多东少态势。泸水、兰坪以短历时、中历时和长历时降水贡献为主,而贡山、福贡的超长历时降水贡献最大。【结论】“桃花汛”以稳定的系统性降水为主,短时强降水发生率低。To study the climate change background of“Peach Blossom Flood”precipitation in Nujiang Prefecture,Yunnan Province,this article uses the hourly rainfall data from four national meteorological stations and 25 township weather stations in Nujiang Prefecture from January to May in 2011-2020 to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of hourly precipitation in Nujiang Prefecture in detail by the method of conventional mathematical statistics.The results show that precipitation during the“Peach Blossom Flood”in Nujiang Prefecture occurs mainly in Gongshan and Fugong counties,but also appears in the western part of Lushui City and the northwestern part of Lanping County.The“Peach Blossom Flood”rainfall accounts for about 30%~60%of the annual rainfall.The rainfall amount,rainfall duration,average hourly rainfall intensity,night rainfall amount and other characteristics during the“Peach Blossom Flood”vary significantly,sharing the spatial distribution features of more(stronger)in the north,less(weaker)in the south,more(stronger)in the west and less(weaker)in the east,respectively.The accumulated precipitation during the“Peach Blossom Flood”is jointly influenced by the precipitation duration and hourly rainfall intensity,of which Gongshan and Fugong are most strongly impacted by the precipitation duration,while the localized areas of Fugong and Lushui are mainly affected by rainfall intensity.The diurnal variability of the“Peach Blossom Flood”precipitation is mainly characterized by“single peak and single valley”,with peak value occurring in the second half of the night and valley in the late morning.The proportion of night rain is 55%.The“Peach Blossom Flood”rainfall also has the features of more in the north,less in the south,and more in the west and less in the east for the short,medium,long,and ultra-long duration precipitation.Lushui and Lanping are dominated by short-,medium-and long-duration precipitation,while Gonshan and Fugong have the largest contribution fro

关 键 词：怒江州 桃花汛 小时降水 时空特征 

分 类 号：P426.614[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]