黔南州冰雹天气环流特征分析  

Analysis of Circulation Characteristics of Hail Weather in Qiannan

作　　者：黄麟媛 罗喜平 罗雄 赵杰 莫乙冬 HUANG Linyuan;LUO Xiping;LUO Xiong;ZHAO Jie;MO Yidong(Qiannan Bouyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Office of Guizhou Province,Duyun 558000,China;Guizhou Climate Center,Guiyang 550002,China;Guizhou Meteorological Observatory,Guiyang 550002,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省黔南布依族苗族自治州气象局,贵州都匀558000 [2]贵州省气候中心,贵州贵阳550002 [3]贵州省气象台,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《山地气象学报》2024年第3期80-85,共6页Journal of Mountain Meteorology

基　　金：贵州省气象局研究型业务关键技术攻关团队(GGTD-202208):黔南冰雹监测预警技术研究;贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑﹝2022﹞一般206):复杂天气系统影响下“FAST”区域冰雹云监测识别技术研究与应用;贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般194):基于雹胚观测试验的冰雹早期识别诊断及在人工防雹中的应用研究。

摘　　要：【目的】为了建立黔南地区冰雹发生前天气背景流型配置和T-logP图形态本地化天气概念模型。【方法】选取2006—2022年黔南30次降雹事件,运用天气学分析方法对常规高空、地面气象资料进行研究分析。【结果】以地面流型为主、高低空流型为辅,黔南地区冰雹事件发生前天气类型可分为热低压辐合型、高架雷暴型和冷锋低槽(切变)型3类。【结论】3类天气分型特征如下:(1)热低压辐合型降雹高频次区域为黔南中北部,高架雷暴型降雹高频次区域为黔南中部,冷锋低槽(切变)型降雹高频次区域为黔南中南部;(2)T-logP图形态共有4种,分别为漏斗无梭形、无漏斗梭形、小漏斗梭形、大漏斗梭形,热低压辐合型以大漏斗梭形为主,高架雷暴型以漏斗无梭形为主,冷锋低槽(切变)型以无漏斗梭形为主。Based on 30 hail events in Qiannan Prefecture from 2006 to 2022,this paper analyzes the corresponding conventional upper-air and surface meteorological data by means of synoptic analysis method to establish a localized weather concept model regarding the configuration of weather background flow types and T-logP patterns prior to hail occurrence in Qiannan Prefecture.The findings indicate that the synoptic patterns preceding hail events in Qiannan Prefecture can be categorized into three types:thermal low-pressure convergence type,elevated thunderstorm type,and cold-front low-trough(shear)type.The surface flow pattern is dominant,supplemented by high and low air flow patterns.The characteristics of the three types of synoptic patterns are as follows:(1)The central and northern parts of Qiannan Prefecture exhibits a higher frequency of hail occurrences under the thermal low-pressure convergence type,the central part tends to have more frequent hail events under the elevated thunderstorm type,and the central and southern parts encounter increased hail frequencies under the cold-front low-trough(shear)type.(2)There are four T-logP patterns,including funnel-free shuttle pattern,no funnel shuttle pattern,small funnel shuttle pattern,and large funnel shuttle pattern.The thermal low-pressure convergence type is primarily featured with a large funnel shuttle pattern,the elevated thunderstorm type with a funnel-free shuttle pattern,and the cold-front low-trough(shear)type with a no funnel shuttle pattern.

关 键 词：冰雹 天气环流 T-logP图 

分 类 号：P434[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]