基于数值模拟的黄河中游典型流域基流分割研究  

Numerical Simulation-Based Baseflow Separation Studyof a Typical Basin in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：胡彩虹[1] 师晨 刘成帅 赵栋[1] 许营营 田露 余其鹰 HU Cai-hong;SHI Chen;LIU Cheng-shuai;ZHAO Dong;XU Ying-ying;TIAN Lu;YU Qi-ying(School of Water Conservancy and Transportation,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,450001,Henan Province,China;Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Urumuqi 830048,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学水利与交通学院,河南郑州450001 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第7期60-68,77,共10页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51979250,U2243219);黄河实验室(郑州大学)一流课题专项基金创新研究项目(YRL22IR02)。

摘　　要：基流作为河川径流中相对稳定的一种组分,同时也是干旱半干旱地区枯水期径流的主要来源,对流域的水资源优化配置及生态环境的维护有着十分关键的意义。基流分割结果的准确性对于预测流域水文过程以及探究基流变化规律有很大的影响。汾河作为黄河中游重要支流,关系着整个中游地区的经济发展,研究汾河的基流变化能有效表征黄河中游基流的变化机制,因此,选取适宜的分割方法显得尤为重要。基流分割方法众多,数值模拟法凭借其客观性、可重复性和易操作性等特点,且可对长系列冗长繁琐数据进行高效便捷处理,因此在实际应用中受到广泛认可。基于黄河中游汾河静乐水文站2006-2014年日径流资料,采用8种常用的数值模拟方法进行基流分割计算,分析径流年内、年际变化特征,从基流指数的不稳定系数、标准差和变异系数3个角度分析其特征,并分析年基流指数的相关性,比较典型年的基流过程与径流过程,选用Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数、平均相对误差和相关系数这3个指标来进行基流分割结果的有效性检验。结果表明:Chapman滤波法、Chapman-Maxwell滤波法和Eckhardt滤波法是静乐水文站控制流域较为适宜的基流分割方法,计算所得的BFI值分别为0.491、0.495、0.496。研究结果为黄河中游基流分割和基流变化规律等研究提供技术支持,为黄河中游水资源合理利用和更好地建设当地生态环境提供科学依据。As a relatively stable component of river runoff,baseflow is also the main source of runoff during dry season in arid and semi-arid areas,which is of key significance to the optimal allocation of water resources and the maintenance of ecological environment in the basin.The accuracy of baseflow separation results has a great influence on the prediction of hydrological processes in the basin and the investigation of baseflow change rules.As an important tributary of the middle reaches of the Yellow River,the Fen River is related to the economic devel⁃opment of the whole middle reaches area,and the study of baseflow change of the Fen River can effectively characterise the change mecha⁃nism of the baseflow in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,so it is particularly important to select the appropriate separation method.There are many baseflow separation methods,among which numerical simulation method is widely accepted in practical application because of its objectivity, repeatability and ease of operation, as well as efficient and convenient processing of long series of lengthy and complicateddata. Based on Jingle hydrologic station daily runoff data from 2006 to 2014, eight commonly used numerical simulation methods are used toseparate the base flow, and the intra-annual and inter-annual variation characteristics of the runoff are analyzed. The characteristics are ana⁃lyzed from three perspectives: the base flow index of instability coefficient, standard deviation and coefficient of variation;we also study thecorrelation of base flow index in typical years of base flow and runoff process. To test the validity of the base flow separation results, three in⁃dexes are selected:Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, the average relative error and the correlation coefficient. The results show that: TheChapman filtration method, the Chapman-Maxwell filtration method and the Eckhardt filtration method proved to be the most suitable meth⁃ods for separating base flow at the Jingle hydrological station. The calc

关 键 词：基流 基流分割 数值模拟法 基流指数 黄河中游 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]