气泡幕防疏浚泥沙扩散试验研究  

Experimental Studies on Bubble Curtains to Control Diffusion of Dredged Sediment

作　　者：刘根生 潘子煜 温德超 陈灿奕 危伟 黄筱云[3] LIU Geng-sheng;PAN Zi-yu;WEN De-chao;CHEN Can-yi;WEI wei;HUANG Xiao-yun(Salvage Bureau of Guangzhou of Communications Departments,Guangzhou 510290,Guangdong Province,China;Jiangxi Port Group Co Ltd,Nanchang 330038,Jiangxi Province,China;School of Hydraulic&Environmental Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部广州打捞局,广东广州510290 [2]江西省港口集团有限公司,江西南昌330008 [3]长沙理工大学水利与环境工程学院,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第7期110-116,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52171245)。

摘　　要：河湖疏浚会引起底泥悬扬,造成水体浑浊。为控制疏浚带来的环境污染,尝试利用气泡幕拦浑,现场与室内试验随即开展。通过比较有无气泡幕时固定测点泥沙浓度的变化,探究气泡幕对天然泥沙和高岭土颗粒的拦截效果。在此基础上,提出气泡幕拦浑率的概念。测量气泡幕后侧泥沙浓度时空变化,分析单宽曝气量对气泡幕拦浑率的影响。试验结果表明:气泡幕具有一定的拦浑效果,其对天然泥沙的拦浑率达0.8,对高岭土颗粒的拦浑率超过0.4;随着单宽曝气量增加,气泡幕拦浑率先增长后降低;气泡幕在防疏浚底泥扩散方面具备良好的适用性,特别是,与防污帘组合使用时,可进一步减少悬浮泥沙扩散量,又能允许船舶自由通行疏浚水域。Dredging in rivers and lakes can cause sediment suspending and make water turbid.In order to control the environmental pollution by dredging,attempts have been made to use bubble curtains to block the sediment,and on-site and indoor experiments have been conduct⁃ed.Comparing the changes in sediment concentration at fixed measuring points with and without bubble curtains,the interception effect of bubble curtains on natural sediment and kaolin particles was explored.Based on this,the concept of turbidity interception rate by bubble cur⁃tains was proposed.The spatial and temporal variations of sediment concentration behind the bubble curtain were measured,and the influ⁃ence of aeration rate per unit width on the turbidity interception rate of the bubble curtain was analyzed.The experimental results show that the bubble curtain has a certain turbidity interception effect,its turbidity interception rate being 0.8 for natural sediment and over 0.4 for ka⁃olin particles.With the increase of the aeration rate per unit width,the turbidity interception rate of bubble curtains increases and then de⁃creases.The bubble curtain has good applicability in controlling the diffusion of dredging sediment and,especially when used in combination with silt curtains,can further reduce the diffusion amount of suspended sediment while allowing free passage of ships in the dredging area.

关 键 词：气泡幕 疏浚泥沙 现场试验 室内试验 拦浑率 

分 类 号：TV851[水利工程—水利水电工程]