新乡善护寺遗址明代墓葬人骨观察  

Observation of Human Bones Unearthed from Ming Tombs at Site of Shan-Hu Monastery in Xinxiang

作　　者：孙蕾 郭强 李彦桢 SUN Lei

机构地区：[1]河南省文物考古研究院,河南郑州市450099 [2]新乡市文物考古研究所,河南新乡市453000

出　　处：《华夏考古》2024年第3期146-151,160,共7页Huaxia Archaeology

基　　金：科技部“文化科技与现代服务业”专项项目课题(课题编号:2022YFF0903605);河南省文化和旅游厅研究课题“宋代美术遗产研究”(2022年第78号);郑州中华之源与嵩山文明研究会第七批课题“嵩山地区仿木结构墓葬研究”(项目编号:Q2020-13)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：善护寺位于河南新乡原阳县,是明代一座规模宏大的古老寺院,至清嘉庆年间毁于一场大火,未再复建。本文对善护寺遗址明代墓塔南侧的两座竖穴土坑墓出土的人骨进行了鉴定与观察,发现人骨上特殊的肌肉韧带起止点痕迹、颈肩部位退行性关节炎及多处创伤等一系列骨骼特征,显示其生前有长期和频繁的结珈跌坐行为,头颈部长期处于疲劳状态,并于青壮年期参与暴力打斗。参考临床医学、生物考古学和相关历史文献,认为两例老年男性人骨的身份为陪葬在墓塔旁的僧人弟子。Shan-Hu Monastery,located in Yuanyang County in Henan's Xinxiang,is a large-scale ancient monastery built in Ming Dynasty.Destroyed in a big fire in Jiaqing Era in Qing Dynasty,it was never rebuilt.This article identifes and examines human bones unearthed from two shaft pit tombs on the south side of the tomb tower of Ming Dynasty found at the site of Shan-Hu Monastery.On the bones,a series of skeletal features,such as special start and end markings of muscles and ligaments,degenerative neck and shoulder arthritis,and multiple wounds,indicate that the deceased used to sit in cross-legged posture for long periods at a high frequency and experienced chronic fatigue in neck and head,and that they were involved in violent fights in their youth and prime days.In the light of clinical medicine,bioarchaeological research and related historical documents,it is believed that the unearthed human bones belong to two old-aged males who were disciples buried beside the tomb tower.

关 键 词：善护寺 僧人 人骨 结珈跌坐 创伤 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]