与花岗岩、伟晶岩有关的稀散元素(铟、镓、锗、碲)成矿研究进展及展望  

Progress and prospects of the research on mineralization of dispersed elements (In,Ga,Ge,Te) related to granite and pegmatite

作　　者：周剑琪 李欢[1,2] Zhou Jianqi;Li Huan(School of Geosciences and Info-Physics,Central South University;Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring,Central South University)

机构地区：[1]中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院 [2]中南大学有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《黄金》2024年第7期60-73,共14页Gold

基　　金：湖南省科技创新计划项目(2021RC4055,2022RC1182);地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室开放课题(GPMR202112)。

摘　　要：随着全球经济的发展,高精尖科技及未来能源的储集与发掘对国家能源安全、国防安全、经济建设起着决定性作用。稀散元素在高科技领域有着不可替代的作用,但稀散元素的特性导致其在地壳中分布极其稀少,资源储量也相对贫乏。稀散元素地球化学行为研究较为薄弱,成矿机理存在较大争议。随着研究的深入,发现无论是在成矿时间上还是在空间分布上,稀散元素超常富集都表现出与花岗岩、伟晶岩的强相关性。但是,不同稀散元素在富集过程中有着较大差异的地球化学行为:铟在岩浆演化过程中受暗色矿物及其铁镁质矿物含量影响,且与锡表现出强相关性,在后期沉淀中铟的富集则与闪锌矿及其中的铁、镉等元素密切相关;镓在花岗伟晶岩中产出时,表现出与铌、钽、锂、铷等元素的强相关性,主要富集于伟晶岩的白云母和微斜长石中;锗在岩浆演化后期更倾向富集于高挥发分组分中,但在产出环境上,主要与有机物结合形成含锗有机物或络合物,或在闪锌矿中发生动态重结晶而富集;碲主要与铋共生,近年来在伟晶岩及与花岗岩密切相关的钨矿床中都发现了大量碲铋化合物。对稀散元素矿床的研究进行展望,包括稀散金属与主矿种成生关系、稀散金属迁移富集成矿行为过程的精细刻画,以及稀散元素富集矿床的探测技术。这些研究将为稀散金属的进一步开发利用提供新的资料和理论指导。With the advancement of the global economy,the significance of cutting-edge technology and the pre-servation and development of future energy can be decisive in ensuring national energy security,homeland security,and economic development.Dispersed elements play an indispensable role in high-tech industries,but their unique characteristics contribute to their scarcity in the earth s crust and limited reserves.The research on the geochemical behavior of dispersed elements is relatively weak,and there is considerable controversy regarding their metallogenic mechanisms.With the progress of research,it has been found that the anomalous enrichment of dispersed elements shows a strong correlation with granite and pegmatite in both mineralization time and spatial distribution.Nevertheless,different dispersed elements exhibit significantly different geochemical behaviors during the enrichment process.During magmatic evolution,indium is influenced by the content of dark minerals and their iron and magnesium minerals and shows a strong correlation with tin.In the later stages of precipitation,indium enrichment is closely related to sphalerite and its iron and cadmium content.When present in granitic pegmatite,gallium shows a strong correlation with niobium,tantalum,lithium,and rubidium,mainly enriching in muscovite and microcline in pegmatite.In the later stages of magmatic evolution,germanium tends to enrich in highly volatile components but primarily associates with organic matter to form germanium-containing organic compounds or complexes or dynamically recrystallizes in sphalerite to enrich.Tellurium mainly coexists with bismuth.Recently,large quantities of tellurium-bismuth compounds have been found in pegmatite and tungsten deposits closely related to granite.The outlook of the research on dispersed element deposits is made,including the relationship between dispersed metals and primary minerals,detailed characterization of the migration and enrichment processes of dispersed metals,and detection technologies for enric

关 键 词：稀散金属 富集机制 成矿作用 花岗岩 伟晶岩 地球化学行为 

分 类 号：TD11[矿业工程—矿山地质测量] P618.7[天文地球—矿床学]