早期手术治疗无神经损伤的脊柱胸腰段骨折的疗效及安全性分析  

Efficacy and safety analysis of early surgical treatment for spinal thoracolumbar fracture without nerve injury

作　　者：简争光 王海龙 苏晓东 李关兴 巨积辉 JIAN Zheng-guang;WANG Hai-long;SU Xiao-dong;LI Guan-xing;JU Ji-hui(Department of Spinal Surgery,Suzhou Ruihua Orthopedic Hospital,Suzhou Jiangsu 215104,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州瑞华骨科医院脊柱外科,江苏苏州215104

出　　处：《局解手术学杂志》2024年第7期599-603,共5页Journal of Regional Anatomy and Operative Surgery

基　　金：苏州市医学重点学科建设-骨外科学(SZXK202127)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨早期手术治疗无神经损伤的脊柱胸腰段骨折的临床疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析我院脊柱外科收治的80例无神经损伤的脊柱胸腰段骨折患者的临床资料,根据手术时机不同,将骨折后72 h内进行手术者纳入早期手术组(n=41),将骨折后72 h至2周内进行手术者纳入择期手术组(n=39),手术方式均为经Wiltse入路伤椎置钉短节段固定。比较2组患者手术时间、术中失血量、住院时间、并发症发生率,比较2组患者术前、术后1周、术后1年视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、伤椎前缘高度压缩率及矢状位Cobb角,比较2组患者术后1周、术后1年伤椎前缘高度压缩及矢状位Cobb角较术前改善率。结果 2组患者手术时间、术中失血量及并发症总发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。早期手术组患者住院时间短于择期手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后1周、术后1年VAS评分及ODI均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术前后各时间点2组患者VAS评分及ODI组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者术后1周、术后1年伤椎前缘高度压缩率及矢状位Cobb角均低/小于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前2组患者伤椎前缘高度压缩率及伤椎矢状位Cobb角组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1周、术后1年早期手术组患者伤椎前缘高度压缩率及矢状位Cobb角均低/小于择期手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。早期手术组患者术后1周、术后1年伤椎前缘高度压缩较术前改善率及伤椎矢状位Cobb角较术前改善率优于择期手术组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 早期手术治疗无神经损伤的脊柱胸腰段骨折安全,可明显缩短住院时间,骨折复位质量好,疗效确切,但术前要做好病情评估,确保手术安全。Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of early surgical treatment for spinal thoracolumbar fracture without nerve injury.Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with spinal thoracolumbar fracture without nerve injury who were admitted to the department of spinal surgery in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different operation timing,those who underwent surgery within 72 hours after fracture were included in the early operation group(n=41),and those who underwent surgery 72 hours to 2 weeks after fracture were included in the elective operation group(n=39).All operations were performed through the Wiltse approach for short-segment pedicle screw fixation on the injured vertebra.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,hospital stay and incidence of complication of the two groups were compared.The visual analogue scale(VAS)scores,Oswestry disability index(ODI),compression rate of the anterior edge height of the injured vertebra,and the Cobb angle in the sagittal position of the injured vertebra before surgery,1 week after surgery and 1 year after surgery were compared between the two groups.The improvement rates of the anterior edge height compression and the Cobb angle in the sagittal position of the injured vertebra 1 week and 1 year after surgery were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in the operation time,intraoperative blood loss or total incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).The hospital stay in the early operation group was shorter than that in the elective operation group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The VAS scores and ODI 1 week and 1 year after surgery of the two groups were better than those before surgery,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the VAS scores or ODI at each time point before and after surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).The compression rate of the anterior edge height and Cobb angle in the sag

关 键 词：脊柱胸腰段骨折 手术时机 早期手术 择期手术 椎弓根螺钉 

分 类 号：R683.2[医药卫生—骨科学]