种植密度和品种对北疆机采棉营养器官形态结构及产量的影响  

Effects of planting density and varieties on the morphological structure of vegetative organs and yield of machine-picked cotton in northern Xinjiang

作　　者：宋延鸿 阿依古再丽·玉苏普 王雪姣 赵鸣泽 布阿依姆·阿布都热依木 张立祯[4,5] 李杰 巴特尔·巴克 孙帅[3,6] 火勋国 Song Yanhong;Ayiguzaili Yusup;Wang Xuejiao;Zhao Mingze;Buayim Abdureyim;Zhang Lizhen;Li Jie;Batelle Barker;Sun Shuai;Huo Xunguo(College of Resources and Environment of Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Agrometeorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002,China;Wulanwusu Ecology and Agrometeorology Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences of China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;National Cotton Engineering Technology Research Center,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业气象台,乌鲁木齐830002 [3]乌兰乌苏生态与农业气象新疆野外科学观测研究站,新疆石河子832000 [4]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100083 [5]国家棉花工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091 [6]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《棉花学报》2024年第3期194-210,共17页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42105172);中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2022002);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B02001);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划“棉花轻简高效栽培技术创新团队”(2023TSYCTD004)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究种植密度和品种对北疆机采棉营养器官形态结构及产量的影响。【方法】分别于2022年、2023年在乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站、玛纳斯农业试验站进行大田试验,选取2个棉花品种——中棉所127(V1)和欣试518(V2),设计3个种植密度分别为11株·m^(-2)(D1)、22株·m^(-2)(D2)和28株·m^(-2)(D3)。比较不同处理对棉花主茎与果枝的叶长、叶柄长、叶柄直径、节间长和节间直径以及产量性状的影响。【结果】2022年和2023年V1分别在D1和D2处理下的主茎和果枝的叶长、叶柄长以及节间长最小。2022年V2在D3处理下的主茎和果枝的叶长、叶柄长、叶柄直径及节间长均最小;2023年V2在D3处理下的主茎和果枝的叶柄长及节间直径最小。2022年在同一密度下,主茎和果枝的叶长及节间长均表现为V1≥V2;2023年在同一密度下,V1和V2的主茎和果枝的叶长、节间长和节间直径均无显著差异。2022年和2023年在同一密度下,V2的衣分均显著高于V1。2022年2个品种以及2023年V2的籽棉产量和皮棉产量均随种植密度的增大而增加。V1D3处理的籽棉产量在2022年最高,在2023年也较高;V2D3处理的皮棉产量在2年试验中均最高。【结论】本试验条件下较优的种植密度为28株·m^(-2),欣试518的皮棉产量更高。本研究结果可为完善CottonXL棉花功能结构模型提供数据支撑,为北疆机采棉适宜品种、密度的选择提供参考。[Objective]This research aims to investigate the effects of planting density and varieties on the morphological structure of vegetative organs and yield of machine-picked cotton in northern Xinjiang.[Methods]Field trials were conducted in 2022 and 2023 at Wulanwusu Agricultural and Meteorological Experiment Station and Manas Agricultural Experiment Station,respectively.Two varieties,CCRI 127(V1)and Xinshi 518(V2),were selected,and three planting densities were designed as 11 plants·m^(-2)(D1),22 plants·m^(-2)(D2),and 28 plants·m^(-2)(D3),respectively.The effects of different treatments on leaf length,petiole length,petiole diameter,internode length,and internode diameter of cotton main stems and fruiting branches as well as yield traits were compared.[Results]In 2022 and 2023,V1 showed the smallest leaf length,petiole length,and internode length of main stems and fruiting branches under D1 and D2 treatments,respectively.In 2022,V2 showed the smallest leaf length,petiole length,petiole diameter,and internode length of main stems and fruiting branches under D3 treatment.In 2023,V2 showed the smallest petiole length and internode diameter of main stems and fruiting branches under D3 treatment.Leaf length and internode length of main stems and fruiting branches showed V1≥V2 under the same density in 2022.Leaf length,internode length,and internode diameter of main stems and fruiting branches of V1 and V2 were not significantly different under the same density in 2023.The lint percentage of V2 was significantly higher than that of V1 under the same density both in 2022 and 2023.Seed cotton yield and lint yield of V1 and V2 in 2022 as well as that of V2 in 2023 increased with the increase of planting densities.Seed cotton yield of V1D3 treatment was highest in 2022,and relatively higher in 2023.V2D3 treatment had the highest lint yield in 2022 and 2023.[Conclusion]The preferred planting density under the conditions of this experiment was 28 plants·m^(-2),and the lint yield of Xinshi 518 was higher.The results of t

关 键 词：机采棉 种植密度 品种 形态结构 株型 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]