基于首光子时间的被动单光子点目标检测  

Passive Single-Photon Point Target Detection Based on First-Photon Time

作　　者：李昌恒 刘璠 王小庆 朱露洁 刘雪峰 Li Changheng;Liu Fan;Wang Xiaoqing;Zhu Lujie;Liu Xuefeng(National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第9期67-76,共10页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFF0719800)。

摘　　要：针对暗弱点目标检测需求,提出一种基于首光子时间的点目标检测方法。在压缩感知单光子成像系统中,通过测量调制信号的首光子到达时间并采用阈值法获得估计目标是否存在的检测结果,利用压缩感知算法实现对点目标的快速高灵敏度检测。针对运动点目标的连续检测提出一种相邻帧差分算法,在有效去除成像结果中噪声点的同时,完美保留了待检测的点目标信息。相较于传统的压缩感知单光子成像需要进行大量光子才能实现目标重建,所提出的方法在每次调制时间内仅需要测量一个光子,并且在2.2%的采样率下就可以完成对暗弱点目标图像的获取,显著提高了点目标检测的灵敏度,加快了检测速度。仿真和实验结果表明,所提方法能够以极高的准确度实现对多个点目标的同时检测。Objective Dynamic point target detection is vital in fields such as computer vision,remote sensing,and the military.With the technical development,there is an increasing demand for real-time and highly sensitive target detection,in which single-photon imaging has great potential and application significance.Unfortunately,most currently available singlephoton detectors have only single-pixel or limited resolution,and traditional scanning imaging with these detectors will cause time waste.Therefore,single-pixel single-photon imaging based on compressed sensing has become a research hotspot.However,traditional single-photon detection relies on photon number accumulation,which requires increased time to resist shot noise interference under the extremely low target signal,thus reducing detection speed.In recent years,first-photon imaging technology has been proposed to achieve imaging by employing only one photon per pixel based on utilizing time information of the photon,but until now this technology can only be applied to active lidar systems,limiting its application scenarios.Thus,we propose a passive compressed sensing single-photon imaging method for weak target detection,which utilizes first-photon time information to improve the sensitivity and sampling speed of point target detection.Simulation analysis and experimental verification show that this method is feasible for high-precision imaging and positioning of weak targets in passive detection conditions and suitable for the simultaneous detection of multiple moving point targets.Our study is of great significance for improving the performance of weak target detection technology.Methods Firstly,we analyze the statistical relationship between the first-photon time and average photon number under the influence of shot noise in single-photon detection.The results show that as the average photon number increases,the probability of a smaller first-photon time increases(Fig.1).Based on this,a point target detection method based on compressed sensing imaging with fi

关 键 词：成像系统 单光子成像 压缩感知 点目标检测 首光子时间 

分 类 号：O439[机械工程—光学工程]