国际法院气候变化咨询意见案回溯:义务生成、责任判定与遵约诉求  

Retrospection of the International Court of Justice's Climate Change Advisory Opinion Case:Obligation Generation,Liability Determination,and Compliance Claims

作　　者：杨博文 Yang Bowen

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学人文与社会发展学院法律系 [2]江苏省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心南京农业大学基地

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2024年第2期1-20,共20页Journal of International Economic Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“《格拉斯哥气候协定》下全球碳市场规则对接及中国方案研究”(项目编号:22CFX088)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：国际法院对气候变化问题发表的咨询意见案可能会对小岛屿国家基于实体气候正义和程序气候正义的价值诉求予以回应。国际社会对小岛屿国家因气候变化问题产生的损害关切已久,对此发表的咨询意见案或将形塑基于代际公平产生的对世义务,对国家之间气候诉讼的司法实践产生影响。虽然国际法院咨询意见案对于当事国来说并非具有强制性法律效力,但是仍然承载着国际司法权威。世界各国以国际海洋法庭咨询意见案、区域性人权法院作出裁决的案件和国内司法判例为主线,进一步阐释了气候权益解释工具的司法实现进程。国际法院气候变化咨询意见案也为《巴黎协定》遵约问责机制的完善提供了软法遵循,厘清了气候公约的法律适用。中国应当通过倡导建构国际气候良法和全球气候善治,以此规范或规锁气候诉讼策略安排,摒弃气候单边主义、气候壁垒以及地缘政治博弈所产生的不利后果,在《全球发展倡议》的框架下,俾克维护气候正义,强化气候共同体在“碳达峰、碳中和”秩序愿景方面达成的多边共识。The advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on climate change may respond to the value demands of small island countries based on substantive and procedural climate justice.The international community has long been concerned about the damage caused by climate change in small island countries,and the advisory opinion issued in this regard may shape the obligation to the world based on intergenerational equity,which will have an impact on the judicial practice of climate litigation between countries.Although the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice does not have mandatory legal effect for the parties involved,it still carries international judicial authority.Countries around the world have further elaborated on the judicial implementation process of climate rights interpretation tools,with the International Maritime Court advisory opinion case,regional human rights court rulings,and domestic judicial precedents as the main thread.The International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change will also provide soft law guidance for the improvement of the Paris Agreement's compliance accountability mechanism and clarify the legal application of the Climate Convention.China should promote the construction of international climate laws and global climate governance to regulate or regulate climate litigation strategies,abandon climate unilateralism,climate barriers,and the adverse consequences of geopolitical games.Within the framework of the Global Development Initiative,China should uphold climate justice and strengthen the multilateral consensus reached by the climate community in the vision of a“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”order.

关 键 词：国际法院咨询意见案 气候责任 减排义务 遵约机制 实体气候正义 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]