液态发酵饲料对仔猪生产性能和肠道健康的影响  

Effects of liquid fermented feed on production performance and gut health of piglets

作　　者：官小凤 钟晓霞 简悦 姚焰础[1,2,3] 黄健 刘志云[1,2,3] GUAN Xiaofeng;ZHONG Xiaoxia;JIAN Yue;YAO Yanchu;HUANG Jian;LIU Zhiyun(Chongqing Academy of Animal Science,Rongchang,Chongqing 402460,China;Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Science,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Rongchang,Chongqing 402460,China;National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs,Rongchang,Chongqing 402460,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市畜牧科学院,重庆荣昌402460 [2]农业农村部养猪科学重点实验室,重庆荣昌402460 [3]国家生猪技术创新中心,重庆荣昌402460

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第8期18-26,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：重庆荣昌农牧高新技术产业研发专项(19254);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-35);三峡后续工作科研项目(5002332018CF50001)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究液态发酵饲料对仔猪生产性能、养分消化率、血液指标、粪便微生物菌群和粪臭物质含量的影响,为液态发酵饲料在仔猪生产中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】选取60头28日龄、体质量(8.0±0.3)kg/头的健康长白×荣昌二元断奶仔猪,随机分为基础饲粮组(MF,饲喂干粉料)、液态饲料组(LF,饲喂液态饲料)和液态发酵饲料组(FLF,饲喂液态发酵饲料)3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头。饲养试验42 d,其中预饲期5 d,正试期37 d。饲养试验结束后,测定各组仔猪生产性能、血液指标、粪便菌群及粪臭物质含量,并从每组选取5头体质量约22 kg/头的仔猪,采用全收粪法进行代谢试验,预饲期3 d,正试期4 d,分别评价干粉料、液态饲料和液态发酵饲料的养分表观消化率。【结果】(1)与MF组和LF组相比,FLF组仔猪日采食量分别提高19.52%和12.14%(P<0.01),日增体质量分别提高21.11%和23.64%(P<0.01),料重比有下降趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)与MF组和LF组相比,FLF组仔猪的血清二胺氧化酶活性和D-乳酸、脂多糖、IL-1β含量下降,而IL-10含量上升,但均差异不显著(P>0.05)。(3)与MF组和LF组相比,FLF组Shannon指数显著降低(P<0.05),而Simpson指数显著增大(P<0.05);FLF组仔猪粪便中厚壁菌门的相对丰度上升,拟杆菌门的相对丰度下降,但均差异不显著(P>0.05);FLF组仔猪粪便中链球菌属相对丰度较LF组显著降低(P<0.05),罕见小球菌属相对丰度较MF组显著降低(P<0.05)。(4)FLF组仔猪粪便中的对甲酚、丙酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸含量较MF组和LF组降低,吲哚、粪臭素和乙酸含量较LF组升高,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。(5)与MF组相比,FLF和LF组仔猪消化能及氮、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷的表观消化率均有所上升,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】液态发酵饲料可提高仔猪生产性能,降低粪便菌群多样性和潜在致病菌数量,但对仔猪血液指�【Objective】This study investigated the effects of liquid fermented feed on piglets produce performance,nutrient digestibility,blood indexes,fecal microorganisms and contents of fecal odor substances to provide basis for the application of liquid fermented feed in piglets production.【Method】A total of sixty healthy weaned piglets(Changbai×Rongchang)at the age of 28 days(8.0±0.3)kg/head were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups of basic feed group(MF,fed dry meal),liquid feed group(LF,fed liquid feed)and liquid fermented feed group(FLF,fed liquid fermented feed).The feeding experiment was conducted for 42 days with 5 days as pre-feeding period and 37 days as formal period.At the end of feeding experiment,production performance,blood indexes,fecal flora and concentrations of fecal odor substances of piglets in each group were measured.Five piglets with body weight of 22 kg/head were selected from each group for metabolic experiment by the total collection method.The apparent digestibility of nutrients of dry meal,liquid feed and liquid fermented feed was also evaluated with pre-feeding period of 3 days and formal period of 4 days.【Result】①Compared with MF and LF groups,daily feed intake of piglets in FLF group increased by 19.52%and 12.14%(P<0.01)and daily body mass gain increased by 21.11%and 23.64%(P<0.01),respectively.The feed to gain ratio showed a decreasing trend without significant differences(P>0.05).②Compared with MF and LF groups,piglets in FLF group showed increases in serum diamine oxidase activity.Concentrations of D-lactic acid,lipopolysaccharide and IL-1βdecreased,while that of IL-10 increased in FLF group with insignificant differences(P>0.05).③Compared with MF and LF groups,the Shannon index was significantly lower in FLF group(P<0.05),while the Simpson index was significant higher(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Firmicutes increased in FLF group,while that of Bacteroidetes decreased without significant differences(P>0.05).The relative abundance of Streptococcus spp.in

关 键 词：生物饲料 液态发酵饲料 仔猪 生产性能 粪便微生物 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]