草地贪夜蛾对7种寄主植物的选择性和适应性  

Selectivity and adaptation of Spodoptera frugiperda to 7 host plants

作　　者：牛浩 兰珍珍 王新谱[1] 刘媛 牛通 NIU Hao;LAN Zhenzhen;WANG Xinpu;LIU Yuan;NIU Tong(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;Ningxia Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750001,China;Ningxia Xiji County Potato Industry Service Center,Xiji,Ningxia 756200,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏回族自治区农业技术推广总站,宁夏银川750001 [3]宁夏西吉县马铃薯产业服务中心,宁夏西吉756200

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第8期112-121,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划项目(2020BBF03004)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda Smith)对不同寄主植物的选择性和适应性,为草地贪夜蛾的发生动态、监测预警和综合防治提供参考。【方法】选取玉米(Zea mays)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)、马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)、苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、芹菜(Apium graveliens)、甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)和藜(Chenopodium album)7种常见寄主植物,采用笼罩试验和叶碟法研究草地贪夜蛾雌成虫的产卵选择性以及各龄期幼虫的取食选择性,记录草地贪夜蛾各龄期幼虫取食7种寄主植物后的发育历期、幼虫存活率、预蛹和蛹存活率、成虫羽化率、蛹质量、蛹长、蛹宽、成虫翅展和体长等指标,评估草地贪夜蛾对7种寄主植物的适应性。【结果】草地贪夜蛾雌成虫最偏好产卵在玉米叶片上,其次为小麦,也会产少量卵于甘蓝,但未见在苜蓿、马铃薯、芹菜和藜上产卵。草地贪夜蛾1~3龄幼虫最偏好取食苜蓿,其次为玉米和藜;4~6龄幼虫最偏好取食玉米,其次为苜蓿;各龄期幼虫均不偏好取食芹菜和马铃薯。草地贪夜蛾对7种寄主植物的适应性结果显示,幼虫取食7种寄主植物后均能正常生长发育并完成一个世代,且幼虫取食玉米后各虫期的发育历期最短,其次为取食苜蓿的幼虫,取食甘蓝后的幼虫生长发育最缓慢;幼虫取食玉米、苜蓿、小麦和藜后的存活率、预蛹和蛹存活率、成虫羽化率、蛹和成虫个体大小等均较高,取食马铃薯、甘蓝和芹菜的草地贪夜蛾上述各项指标数值均较低。【结论】草地贪夜蛾雌成虫最偏好产卵于玉米叶片,低龄幼虫最偏好取食苜蓿,且取食苜蓿后的幼虫存活率高于取食玉米的幼虫,建议在做好玉米田草地贪夜蛾监测的同时,应加强对苜蓿上草地贪夜蛾为害风险的监测。【Objective】This study explored the selectivity and adaptability of Spodoptera frugiperda to different host plants to provide reference for monitoring,early warning and integrated control of Spodoptera frugiperda.【Method】Seven common host plants including corn(Zea mays),wheat(Triticum aestivum),potato(Solanum tuberosum),alfalfa(Medicago sativa),celery(Apium graveliens),cabbage(Brassica oleracea)and quinoa(Chenopodium album)were used as host plants to study the oviposition and feeding selectivity of female adult larvae of S.frugiperda by enveloping test and leaf disc method.The adaptability of S.frugiperda to 7 host plants was evaluated by larval survival rate,prepupa and pupa survival rate,adult eclosion rate,pupa quality,pupa length,pupa width,adult wing span and body length.【Result】Female adults of S.frugiperda preferred to lay eggs on maize,followed by wheat.Small amounts of eggs were found on cabbage,while there were no eggs on alfalfa,potato,celery and quinoa.Alfalfa was preferred by 1-3 instar larvae,followed by maize and quinoa,while 4-6 instar larvae preferred maize,followed by alfalfa.No larvae preferred to feed on celery and potato.The larvae could grow normally and complete one generation after feeding on 7 kinds of host plants,and feeding on maize led to shortest development periods,followed by feeding on alfalfa.The growth and development of larvae feeding on cabbage were the slowest.After feeding on corn,alfalfa,wheat and quinoa,larval survival rate,survival rate of pre-pupa and pupa,adult emergence rate and individual size of pupa and adult were higher than those feeding on potato,cabbage and celery.【Conclusion】Female adults of S.frugiperda litura preferred to lay eggs on corn leaves,young larvae preferred to feed on alfalfa,and survival rate feeding on alfalfa was higher than that on corn.It is suggested to strengthen the monitoring of S.frugiperda infestation on alfalfa in addition to corn.

关 键 词：草地贪夜蛾 寄主植物 产卵选择性 取食选择性 寄主适应性 害虫防治 

分 类 号：S433.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]