广东省冬种马铃薯不同类型地膜覆盖降解效果与作物生产力研究  

Study on Degradation Effect and Crop Productivity of Different Types of Mulching Film in Winter Potatoes in Guangdong Province

作　　者：杨明愈 刘计涛 李成晨 李小波 胡新喜[1] YANG Mingyu;LIU Jitao;LI Chengchen;LI Xiaobo;HU Xinxi(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University/Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Crop Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院/湖南省马铃薯工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [2]广东省农业科学院作物研究所/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2024年第2期121-128,共8页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2021B0301030004);2022年省级乡村振兴战略专项资金(种业振兴项目)(2022-NPY00-020);广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212060038);广东省甘薯马铃薯产业技术体系创新团队项目(2023KJ111);2021年省乡村振兴战略专项资金(江科[2021]183号)。

摘　　要：为明确广东省冬作马铃薯不同类型地膜覆盖下地膜降解效果及对马铃薯生产的影响,以马铃薯早熟品种‘粤引85-38’为试验材料,以裸地栽培为对照,比较并分析黑色无机物填充降解地膜(T1)、透明聚乙烯地膜(T2)、黑色聚乙烯地膜(T3)对马铃薯生长发育、产量、品质的影响及地膜降解性能的差异。覆膜处理均能显著促进马铃薯生长,相较于裸地栽培,T1处理显著提高株高6.95%,出苗率增加6.76%,叶片SPAD值提高8.54%,T1与T3出苗率、叶片SPAD值无显著差异。产量由高到低为T3(2474 kg/667m^(2))>T2(2441 kg/667m^(2))>T1(2437 kg/667m^(2))>裸地栽培(2343 kg/667m^(2)),三种地膜间无差异。商品薯率由高到低为T3(93.62%)>T1(88.67%)>T2(86.51%)>裸地栽培(82.97%)。块茎品质上,与裸地栽培相比,T1处理显著提高蛋白质含量(64.30%)、维生素C含量(37.39%)、可溶性糖含量(79.18%)。黑色无机物填充降解地膜在马铃薯成熟期降解36.05%,降解速度显著高于透明聚乙烯地膜和黑色聚乙烯地膜。黑色无机物填充降解地膜可促进马铃薯生长、提高产量、改善块茎品质,且降解速度快无需回收,适宜推广应用。A comparative analysis was conducted on the differences in potato growth,yield,quality,and mulching film degradation performance between black inorganic degradable mulching film(T1),transparent polyethylene mulching film(T2),and black polyethylene mulching film(T3),using the early-maturing potato variety'Yueyin 85-38'as the experimental material and bare land cultivation as the control,in order to understand the degradation effect of mulching films and their influence on potato productivity in winter-planted potatoes in Guangdong Province.Mulching film treatments significantly promoted potato growth.Compared to the control,treatment T1 increased potato plant height by 6.95%,emergence rate by 6.76%,and leaf SPAD value by 8.54%.No differences were found for emergence rate and SPAD value between T1 and T3.In terms of yield,the order from high to low was T3(2474 kg/667m^(2))>T2(2441 kg/667m^(2))>T1(2437 kg/667m^(2))>bare land cultivation(2343 kg/667m^(2)),but there was no significant difference among the three mulching films.In terms of marketable tuber percentage,T3(93.62%)>T1(88.67%)>T2(86.51%)>bare land cultivation(82.97%).Regarding tuber quality,compared with the bare land cultivation,T1 significantly increased protein content(64.30%),vitamin C content(37.39%),and soluble sugar content(79.18%).The black inorganic degradable mulching film had degraded by 36.05%at the potato maturity stage,which was significantly higher than that of transparent polyethylene mulching film and black polyethylene mulching film.The black inorganic degradable mulching film promotes potato growth,improves yield,enhances tuber quality,degrades quickly,and does not require recycling,making it suitable for promotion and application.

关 键 词：地膜 冬种马铃薯 降解效果 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]