银行业个人信用评价的侵权风险与法律规制  

Infringement Risk and Legal Regulation of Personal Credit Evaluation in Banking Industry

作　　者：徐本鑫 任梦茹 XU Ben-xin;REN Meng-ru(College of Law,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu Anhui 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学法学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《华北理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期7-12,共6页Journal of North China University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“数据使用中相关者利益冲突私法化解路径研究”(21BFX077);芜湖市法学会2024年度研究课题“银行业个人信用评价的侵权风险与法律规制”(2024YBKT-2)。

摘　　要：银行业在个人信用信息采集、处理和使用过程中,存在侵犯信用主体人格权和财产权的风险,而且被侵权人难以获得充分救济。《征信业管理条例》规定了银行业采集个人信用信息的类型和告知义务,但可采集的基础个人信用信息边界不清、银行懈怠履行告知义务。《民法典》第1029条赋予了民事主体异议权,但未明确具体的救济措施和救济时限。《民法典》规定了对被侵权人的损害赔偿,但在个人信用评价领域被侵权人难以获得充分赔偿。建议通过司法解释进一步界定银行业可采集的基础个人信用信息并且严格监管银行业告知义务的履行;根据银行采集的信息性质确定更正或删除措施并且界定合理的救济时限;减轻被侵权人的举证责任并且借鉴“盖帽理论”合理确定损害赔偿数额,以更好地保护个人信用权益。In the process of collecting,processing and using personal credit information in the banking industry,there is a risk of infringing the personality and property right of the credit subject,which is difficult for the infringed to obtain adequate relief.The Regulations on the Administration of Credit Investigation Industry stipulates the types and notification obligations of the banking to collect personal credit information,but the boundary of basic credit information is not clear and the banks are slack to fulfill the obligation of notification.Article 1029 of the Civil Code entitles thecivil subjects the right of objection,but it does not specify the specific relief measures and relief time limit.The Civil Code stipulates the damage compensation for the infringed,but it is difficult for the infringed to obtain sufficient compensation in personal credit evaluation.It is suggested to further define the basic credit information that can be collected by banks and strictly supervise the performance of the bank notification obligation;determine the correction or deletion measures and define the reasonable time limit for relief;reduce the burden of proof of the infringed and reasonably determine the amount of damages by using the"cap theory",so as to better protect the credit rights and interests of individuals.

关 键 词：个人信用 信用评价 信用权益 银行业 征信 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]