与UNFCCC协同目标下UNCLOS第194条第1款中的海洋环保义务之新解  

A Reinterpretation of Article 194(1)of the UNCLOS in the Light of the Convergence of UNCLOS and UNFCCC

作　　者：孔令杰[1] 邵红燕 KONG Lingjie;SHAO Hongyan(Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2024年第3期58-85,共28页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“国际法视角下海洋环境协同保护与气候变化规则发展路径研究”(23BFX157)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2024年5月,国际海洋法法庭应小岛屿国家气候变化与国际法委员会的请求发表涉气候变化咨询意见,重点澄清了缔约方在《联合国海洋法公约》项下承担的海洋环境保护义务,特别是第194条关于防止、减少和控制气候变化造成的海洋环境污染义务。本文基于《联合国气候变化框架公约》与《联合国海洋法公约》之间的兼容互补协同关系,参考国际气候变化法上的相关制度、规则和机制,解释《联合国海洋法公约》第194条第1款中各实质用语在气候变化情景下的含义,包括“任何来源的海洋环境污染”“个别或联合地”“一切符合本公约的必要措施”“最切实可行方法”“尽力协调它们的政策”等,以实现缔约方在两公约下相关义务、责任和承诺的协调,促进两公约在减缓和适应气候变化对海洋环境造成的负面影响及海洋环境污染防治上的协同发展。In May 2024,the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea(ITLOS)rendered an advisory opinion on climate change and the law of the sea,upon a request by the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law(COSIS).The Opinion elaborates on the obligations of the contracting Parties under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS),particularly the obligation as prescribed in article 194 to prevent,reduce and control pollution of the marine environment resulting or likely to result from climate change.This paper argues that the UNCLOS and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)are in a compatible,complementary and convergent relationship.In the light of this relationship and by reference to the relevant regimes,rules and mechanisms of international climate change law,the paper explores the meaning of the key substantive terms as employed in paragraph 1,article 194 of the UNCLOS,including‘pollution of the marine environment from any source’,‘individually or jointly’,‘all measures consistent with this Convention that are necessary’,‘best practicable means’and‘endeavour to harmonize their policies’.The relevant obligations,responsibilities and commitments undertaken by the Parties under both Conventions shall be implemented in a coordinated and convergent manner,with a view to enhancing mitigation of and adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change on the marine environment and the prevention and control of pollution of the marine environment.

关 键 词：气候变化 海洋环境污染 《联合国海洋法公约》 《联合国气候变化框架公约》 协同 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]