国内高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝主要技术进展及发展建议  

Technical Progress and Suggestions on the Technology of Extracting Aluminum Oxide from High Aluminum Fly Ash in China

作　　者：崔维[1] CUI Wei(Guiyang Aluminum Magnesium Design&Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《世界有色金属》2024年第10期19-22,共4页World Nonferrous Metals

摘　　要：粉煤灰已成为我国排放量最大的工业固废,目前堆存量估计在 30 亿吨以上,如果不及时处理或处理不当,将会对环境造成严重危害。由于其具有高含量的氧化铝,特别是高铝粉煤灰,含量超过38%,被认为是取代铝土矿,生产氧化铝的理想原料之一。近几十年来,高铝粉煤生产氧化铝是一项热门的研究课题,各企业及科研院校均投入了大量的人力和物力,并且取得了一定的成就,提出了不同的工艺路线,部分工艺已经进行了中试试验或者工业化生产。目前,初步形成了三种主要的工艺路线:预脱硅-碱石灰石烧结法、石灰石烧结法、一步酸溶法。文章主要综述了以上三种技术的原理、工艺流程及技术进展,分析其发展难点,同时提出评价和建议。Fly ash has become the largest industrial solid waste discharged in China,with an estimated storage capacity of over 3 billion tons.If not treated in a timely or improper manner,it will cause serious harm to the environment.Due to its high content of alumina,especially high alumina fly ash with a content of over 38%,it is considered one of the ideal raw materials to replace bauxite and produce alumina.In recent decades,the production of alumina from high alumina powder coal has been a hot research topic.Various enterprises and research institutions have invested a lot of manpower and material resources,and have achieved certain achievements.Different process routes have been proposed,and some processes have undergone pilot tests or industrial production.At present,three main process routes have been preliminarily formed:pre desilication alkali limestone sintering method,limestone sintering method,and one-step acid dissolution method.The article mainly summarizes the principles,process flow,and technological progress of the above three technologies,analyzes their development difficulties,and puts forward evaluations and suggestions.

关 键 词：高铝粉煤灰 氧化铝 铝土矿 烧结法 酸法 评价和建议 

分 类 号：TQ133.1[化学工程—无机化工]